网页制作之Django-视图views

学习目标：

针对网页传输的内容进行视图函数的定义，完成特定的功能。

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学习内容：

1、 获取用户请求数据

request.GET                 获取数据
request.POST                提交数据
request.FILES               上传文件

2、 checkbox等多选的内容

request.POST.getlist()

3、 上传文件

    上传文件form标签作特殊设置
        enctype="multipart/form-data"
    c = request.FILES.get("fl")
    print(c,'\n',type(c),'\n',c.name)
    file_path = os.path.join("upload",c.name)
    f = open(file_path,mode="wb")
    for tmp in c.chunks():
        f.write(tmp)
    f.close()

4、 FBV & VBV

  function base view
    url.py
        index ---> 函数名
    view.py
        def function(request):
            ...
    ======>
    /index/ ---> 函数名
    /index/ ---> 类
    ======>
    建议：两者都用

5、 装饰器

	FBV:
       def auth(func):
           def test(request, *args, **kwargs):
               login_info = request.COOKIES.get("login-name")
               if not login_info:
                   return redirect("/login/")
               return func(request)
           return test
       @auth
       def index(request):
           login_info = request.COOKIES.get("login-name")
           return render(request, "index.html", {"login_name": login_info})
    CBV:
        @auth
        def index(request):
            login_info = request.COOKIES.get("login-name")
            return render(request, "index.html", {"login_name": login_info})
        
        from django import views
        from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
        
        # 方法一
        @method_decorator(auth,name="dispatch")
        class Order(views.View):
            # 方法二
            # @method_decorator(auth)
            # def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            #     return super(Order,self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
        
            # 方法三
            # @method_decorator(auth)
            def get(self,request):
                login_info = request.COOKIES.get("login-name")
                return render(request, "index.html", {"login_name": login_info})
        
            def post(self,request):
                login_info = request.COOKIES.get("login-name")
                return render(request, "index.html", {"login_name": login_info})

6、请求的其他信息

    print(type(request))
    from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest
    # 封装了所有的用户请求信息
    print(request.environ)
    # 循环查看所有请求信息
    for k,v in request.environ.items():
        print(k, v)
    # 通过key获取相关信息
    print(request.environ['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])    

7、补充

	request.body
        request.POST(request.body)
        request.FILES(request.body)
        request.GET
        request.xxx.getlist
    request.Meta(...)
        request.method(POST,GET,PUT)
        request.path_info
        request.COOKIES
    define request-head
        response = HttpResponse("hello")
        response["name"] = "Jim"

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