学习目标:
- 理解会话技术基本概念
- 学习掌握Cookie与Session的相关概念原理
- 熟练应用session与cookie完成各种功能
学习内容:
一、会话技术
1、概念
- 会话:一次会话包括多次请求与响应
- 一次会话:浏览器第一次给服务器发送请求,会话建立,直到一方断开为止
- 功能:在一次会话范围内的多次请求间,共享数据
- 方式
- 客户端会话技术:Cookie
- 服务器端会话技术:Session
2、Cookie
![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/c90f83d4774b825417f8436f084d3e12.png#pic_center)
- 概念:客户端会话技术,将数据保存在客户端
- 快速入门
- 创建cookie对象,绑定数据:new
- Cookie(String name, String value)
- 发送cookie对象:response
- void addCookie(Cookie cookie)
- 获取cookie,拿到数据:request
- 实现原理:基于响应头set-cookie和请求头cookie实现
- 一次可不可以发送多个cookie:可以
- 可以创建多个cookie对象,使用response调用多次addCookie方法发送cookie即可
- cookie可以在浏览器中保存多久
- 默认当浏览器关闭时,cookie数据自动销毁
- 持久化存储
- setMaxAge(int seconds);
- 正数:将cookie数据存储到硬盘的文件中,持久化存储。cookie存储时间
- 负数:默认值
- 零:删除cookie信息
- cookie能不能存中文
- Tomcat8 之前,cookie中不能直接存储中文数据
- 需要将中文数据转码–>一般采用url编码(%E3)
- Tomcat8 之后:cookie中能够直接存储中文数据,不支持特殊字符
- cookie获取范围多大
- 假设在一个Tomcat服务器中,部署了多个web项目,这些项目之间能不能实现cookie共享
- 默认情况不能共享
- setPath(String path):设置cookie的获取范围,默认情况设置当前虚拟目录
- 不同Tomcat服务器间共享cookie
- 默认情况下不能共享
- setDomain(String path):如果设置一级域名相同,就可以共享
- setDomain(".baidu.com"),tieba.baidu.com与news.baidu.com可以cookie共享
- cookie的特点和作用
- 特点
- cookie存储数据在客户端浏览器中,安全系数相对较低
- 浏览器对于单个cookie的大小有限制(4kb)以及同一个域名下的总cookie数量(20个)有限制
- 作用
- cookie一般用于存储少量的不太敏感的数据
- 在不登录的情况下,完成服务器对客户端的身份识别
- 案例:记录上一次访问时间
- 需求:
- 访问一个Servlet,如果是第一次访问,则提示:你好,欢迎您首次访问!
- 如果不是第一次访问,则提示:欢迎回来,您上次访问的时间:显示时间字符串
- 分析:
- 可以采用cookie完成
- 在服务器中Servlet判断是否有一个名为lasttime的cookie
- 有,不是第一次访问
- 响应数据:您上次访问的时间:上次时间
- 写回cookie:lasttime=现在时间
- 没有:是第一次访问
- 响应数据:您好,欢迎您首次访问!
- 写回cookie:lasttime=现在时间
3、Session
![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/27348f2f522d68a1e6b2b5bf77ba9d1d.png#pic_center)
- 概念:服务器端会话技术,在一次会话的多次请求间共享数据,将数据保存在服务器端对象中。HTTPSession
- 快速入门
- 获取HTTPSession对象
- HTTPSession session = request.getSession();
- 使用HTTPSession对象
- Object getAttribute(String name)
- void setAttribute(String name, Object value)
- void removeAttribute(String name)
- 原理
- 细节
- 客户端关闭,服务器端不关闭,两次获取session是否为同一个
- 默认情况下不是
- 如果需要相同,可以创建cookie,键为JSESSIONID,设置最大存储时间
- 客户端不关闭,服务器端关闭,两次获取session是否为同一个
- 不是同一个,但是要确保数据不丢失
- session的钝化
- 在服务器正常关闭之前,将session对象序列化到硬盘上
— session的活化 - 在服务器启动后,将session文件转化成的序列反序列化成session对象
- IDEA能够自动进行钝化,不能进行活化
- Tomcat可以自动进行钝化与活化
- session的失效时间
- 服务器关闭
- session对象调用invalidate()
- session默认失效时间:30分钟
选择性配置修改
30
- session特点
- session用于存储一次会话的多次请求数据,存在服务器端
- session可以存储任意数据类型,任意大小的数据
二、JSP(入门学习)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/0bf30348427a4eca12bbd8b7e96704ba.png#pic_center)
1、概念
- Java Server Page:Java服务器端页面
- 可以理解为一个特殊的页面,其中既可以指定定义html标签,又可以定义Java代码
- 用于简化书写
2、原理
3、JSP脚本:JSP定义Java代码的方式
- <% 代码 %>:定义的Java代码,在service方法中。service方法中可以定义什么,该脚本中就可以定义什么
- <%! 代码 %>:定义的Java代码,在JSP转换后的Java类的成员变量中
- <%= 代码 %>:定义的Java代码,会输出到页面上,输出语句中可以定义什么,该脚本中就可以定义什么
4、JSP内置对象
- 在JSP页面中不需要创建和获取,可以直接使用的对象
- JSP中一共有9个内置对象
- request
- response
- out:可以将数据输出到页面上,字符输出流对象,和response.getWriter()类似
- response.getWriter()数据输出永远在out.write()之前
三、案例:验证码
![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/f8e601c0ab8562265cd094fb84f5c059.png#pic_center)
1、案例需求
2、分析
- 设置request编码
- 获取参数map集合
- 获取验证码
- 将用户信息封装到User对象
- 判断从session中获取程序生成的验证码和用户输入的验证码是否一致
- 一致
- 判断用户名与密码是否一致(查询数据库判断)
- 正确
- 登录成功
- 存储数据
- 跳转到success.jsp(重定向)
- 不正确
- 不一致
- 给用户提示信息:验证码错误(request)
- 跳转登录页面(转发)
学习产出:
1、 Cookie
package xuefeng.cookies;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/Demo01CookieBase")
public class Demo01CookieBase extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
Cookie msg = new Cookie("msg", "World");
response.addCookie(msg);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
package xuefeng.cookies;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/Demo02CookieBaseOrg")
public class Demo02CookieBaseOrg extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
String name = cookie.getName();
String value = cookie.getValue();
System.out.println(name+":"+value);
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
package xuefeng.cookies;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/Demo03MultiCookie")
public class Demo03MultiCookie extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
Cookie msg = new Cookie("msg", "World");
Cookie msg1 = new Cookie("name", "Jim");
Cookie msg2 = new Cookie("age", "18");
response.addCookie(msg);
response.addCookie(msg1);
response.addCookie(msg2);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
package xuefeng.cookies;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/Demo04CookieAlive")
public class Demo04CookieAlive extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
Cookie msg = new Cookie("msg", "World");
msg.setMaxAge(30);
response.addCookie(msg);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
package xuefeng.cookies;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
@WebServlet("/Demo05CookieTest")
public class Demo05CookieTest extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
boolean flag = false;
if (cookies!=null && cookies.length!=0){
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
String name = cookie.getName();
if ("lastTime".equals(name)){
flag = true;
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss");
String value = dateFormat.format(date);
String encode = URLEncoder.encode(value, "utf-8");
cookie.setValue(encode);
cookie.setMaxAge(60*60*24*30);
response.addCookie(cookie);
String str_date = cookie.getValue();
String decode = URLDecoder.decode(str_date, "utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("欢迎回来,您上次访问的时间:"+decode);
}
}
}
if (cookies==null||cookies.length==0||flag==false){
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss");
String value = dateFormat.format(date);
String encode = URLEncoder.encode(value, "utf-8");
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastTime", encode);
cookie.setMaxAge(60*60*24*30);
response.addCookie(cookie);
response.getWriter().write("你好,欢迎您首次访问!");
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
2、Session
- Session入门:创建session并打印session地址
package xuefeng.session;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/Demo06Session")
public class Demo06Session extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
System.out.println(session);
session.setAttribute("msg","hello world!");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
- Session入门:获取session对象,并打印session地址和session内容
package xuefeng.session;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/Demo07SessionBaseOrg")
public class Demo07SessionBaseOrg extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
System.out.println(session);
Object msg = session.getAttribute("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
- 客户端关闭,服务器端不关闭,两次获取session是否为同一个
package xuefeng.session;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/Demo08SessionSim1")
public class Demo08SessionSim1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
System.out.println(session);
session.setAttribute("msg","hello world!");
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID", session.getId());
cookie.setMaxAge(60*10);
response.addCookie(cookie);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
3、 案例:验证码
package xuefeng.servlet;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class loginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
String checkCode = request.getParameter("checkCode");
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
String checkCode_session = (String) session.getAttribute("checkCode_session");
session.removeAttribute("checkCode_session");
if (checkCode!=null&&checkCode_session.equalsIgnoreCase(checkCode)){
if ("Jim".equals(username)&&"123".equals(password)){
session.setAttribute("user",username);
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/success.jsp");
}else {
request.setAttribute("login_error","用户名密码错误");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
}else {
request.setAttribute("cc_error","验证码错误");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
package xuefeng.servlet;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class checkCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
int width = 100;
int height = 50;
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics graphics = image.getGraphics();
graphics.setColor(Color.yellow);
graphics.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
graphics.setColor(Color.black);
graphics.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
String str = "ABCDEFGHIGKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
Random random = new Random();
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
int index = random.nextInt(str.length());
char c = str.charAt(index);
builder.append(c);
graphics.drawString(c+" ",(i+1)*width/(5),height/2);
}
String checkCode_session = builder.toString();
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
session.setAttribute("checkCode_session",checkCode_session);
graphics.setColor(Color.orange);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int x1 = random.nextInt(width);
int x2 = random.nextInt(width);
int y1 = random.nextInt(height);
int y2 = random.nextInt(height);
graphics.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
}
ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req,resp);
}
}
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Administrator
Date: 2020/12/22
Time: 19:49
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Login</title>
<script>
window.onload = function () {
document.getElementById("img").onclick = function () {
this.src = "/day12/checkCodeServlet?time="+new Date().getTime();
}
}
</script>
<style>
div {
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/day12/loginServlet">
<table>
<tr>
<td>用户名</td>
<td><input type="text" name="username"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码</td>
<td><input type="password" name="password"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>验证码</td>
<td><input type="text" name="checkCode"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="/day12/checkCodeServlet" alt="checkCode"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="登录"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div>
<%= request.getAttribute("cc_error")==null ? "":request.getAttribute("cc_error")%>
</div>
<div>
<%= request.getAttribute("login_error")==null ? "":request.getAttribute("login_error")%>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Administrator
Date: 2020/12/22
Time: 20:13
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Success</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><%= request.getSession().getAttribute("user")%>,欢迎您!</h1>
</body>
</html>