Python SMTP发送邮件

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于 2024-04-09 09:32:14 发布

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分类专栏： python 文章标签： python 开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zuiyuewentian/article/details/137536943

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SMTP协议简介：

SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）是用于从源地址到目的地址传送邮件的一组规则，控制信件的中转方式。

Python发送邮件的基础：

使用smtplib库创建SMTP对象，并使用sendmail方法发送邮件。 SMTP对象的创建语法：smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP([host [, port [, local_hostname]]])。
sendmail方法的语法：SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options])。

简单的示例，演示如何使用 SMTP 发送邮件：

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

# 设置发件人、收件人和邮件内容
sender_email = "your_email@example.com"
receiver_email = "recipient@example.com"
password = "your_password"
subject = "Test Email"
body = "This is a test email sent from Python."

# 创建邮件对象
message = MIMEMultipart()
message["From"] = sender_email
message["To"] = receiver_email
message["Subject"] = subject

# 添加邮件内容
message.attach(MIMEText(body, "plain"))

# 使用SMTP服务器发送邮件
with smtplib.SMTP("smtp.example.com", 587) as server:
    server.starttls()
    server.login(sender_email, password)
    text = message.as_string()
    server.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, text)

print("Email sent successfully!")

发送HTML格式邮件

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

# 设置发件人、收件人和邮件内容
sender_email = "your_email@example.com"
receiver_email = "recipient@example.com"
password = "your_password"
subject = "HTML Email"
html_content = """
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
  <p>This is a test email sent from Python.</p>
  <p><a href="https://www.example.com">Click here</a> for more information.</p>
</body>
</html>
"""

# 创建邮件对象
message = MIMEMultipart()
message["From"] = sender_email
message["To"] = receiver_email
message["Subject"] = subject

# 添加 HTML 内容
message.attach(MIMEText(html_content, "html"))

# 使用SMTP服务器发送邮件
with smtplib.SMTP("smtp.example.com", 587) as server:
    server.starttls()
    server.login(sender_email, password)
    text = message.as_string()
    server.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, text)

print("HTML Email sent successfully!")

发送带附件的邮件
使用 MIMEMultipart 类来创建邮件对象，并使用 MIMEBase 类来处理附件。

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders

# 设置发件人、收件人和邮件内容
sender_email = "your_email@example.com"
receiver_email = "recipient@example.com"
password = "your_password"
subject = "Email with Attachment"
body = "This is a test email with attachment sent from Python."

# 创建邮件对象
message = MIMEMultipart()
message["From"] = sender_email
message["To"] = receiver_email
message["Subject"] = subject

# 添加邮件正文
message.attach(MIMEText(body, "plain"))

# 添加附件
filename = "example_attachment.txt"
attachment = open(filename, "rb")

part = MIMEBase("application", "octet-stream")
part.set_payload(attachment.read())
encoders.encode_base64(part)
part.add_header(
    "Content-Disposition",
    f"attachment; filename= {filename}",
)

message.attach(part)

# 使用SMTP服务器发送邮件
with smtplib.SMTP("smtp.example.com", 587) as server:
    server.starttls()
    server.login(sender_email, password)
    text = message.as_string()
    server.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, text)

print("Email with attachment sent successfully!")