802.11 wireless networks（1）

刚接触有关无线路由器的软件测试，在看一本《802.11 wireless networks》(英文版)的书。截取了部分段落翻译成了中文，处于起步阶段，希望高手在看完我的翻译，能多给意见，谢谢了。

 

 Radio Spectrum: The Key Resource    射频频谱：关键资源

 

Wireless devices are constrained to operate in a certain frequency band. Each band has an associated bandwidth, which is simply the amount of frequency space in the band. Bandwidth has acquired a connotation of being a measure of the data capacity of a link. A great deal of mathematics, information theory, and signal processing can be used to show that higher-bandwidth slices can be used to transmit more information. As an example, an analog mobile telephony channel requires a 20-kHz bandwidth. TV signals are vastly more complex and have a correspondingly larger bandwidth of 6 MHz.

无线电设备是可以发射某种特定频段的。一些频段是有相关联的频带宽度，简单的理解为频段中频率空间的数量。带宽就代表着数据的吞吐量。大量的数学，信息原理和信号处理已经展示出高带宽被切成小份可以用于传输更多的信息。举一个例子，类似移动通话的频道需要20 KHz的带宽。电视信号更大和更复杂，就相应的需要6 MHz。

 

 

Radio spectrum allocation is rigorously controlled by regulatory authorities through licensing processes. Most countries have their own regulatory bodies, though regional regulators do exist. In the U.S., regulation is done by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Many FCC rules are adopted by other countries throughout the Americas. European allocation is performed by the European Radiocommunications Office (ERO). Other allocation work is done by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). To prevent overlapping uses of the radio waves, frequency is allocated in bands, which are simply ranges of frequencies available to specified applications. Table 1-1 lists some common frequency bands used in the U.S.

无线电频谱分配通过监管当局颁发申请许可证严格地控制。大多数国家有他们自己的监察机构，担任地区调整人。在美国，通过FCC（联邦通信委员会）制定规则。一些FCC规则遍及美州，被其他国家所采用。欧洲则是由ERO（欧洲无线电通信办公室）组织进行管理。其他的分配工作由ITU（国际电信联盟）进行。为了防止无线电波的重叠，用于特定应用程序的频率是有一定范围的。表1-1列出了一些美国通用的频段。

 

Table 1-1. Common U.S. frequency bands
Band	Frequency range
UHF ISM	902-928 MHz
S-Band	2-4 GHz
S-Band ISM	2.4-2.5 GHz
C-Band	4-8 GHz
C-Band satellite downlink	3.7-4.2 GHz
C-Band Radar (weather)	5.25-5.925 GHz
C-Band ISM	5.725-5.875 GHz
C-Band satellite uplink	5.925-6.425 GHz
X-Band	8-12 GHz
X-Band Radar (police/weather)	8.5-10.55 GHz
Ku-Band	12-18 GHz
Ku-Band Radar (police)	13.4-14 GHz 15.7-17.7 GHz

 

The ISM bands

In Table 1-1, there are three bands labeled ISM, which is an abbreviation for industrial, scientific, and medical. ISM bands are set aside for equipment that, broadly speaking, is related to industrial or scientific processes or is used by medical equipment. Perhaps the most familiar ISM-band device is the microwave oven, which operates in the 2.4-GHz ISM band because electromagnetic radiation at that frequency is particularly effective for heating water.

在表1-1中，有三个频段带有ISM的标签，它们是工业、科学、医疗的缩写。一般来说，ISM频段是用于工业、科学和医疗设备。可能最熟悉的ISM装置就是微波炉，采用2.4GHz，因为电磁辐射在那个频率对于加热水是特别有效的。

I pay special attention to the ISM bands in the table because those bands allow license-free operation, provided the devices comply with power constraints. 802.11 operates in the ISM bands, along with many other devices. Common cordless phones operate in the ISM bands as well. 802.11b and 802.11g devices operate within the 2.4 GHz ISM band, while 802.11a devices operate in the 5 GHz band.

我特别注意ISM频段是因为假若设备有功率束缚，这些频段有免税许可证。802.11运行在ISM频段中，也可以用在一些其他设备上。例如通常的无线电话。802.11b和802.11g设备使用2.4GHz, 802.11a设备采用5GHz.

The more common 802.11b/g devices operate in S-band ISM. The ISM bands are generally license-free, provided that devices are low-power. How much sense does it make to require a license for microwave ovens, after all? Likewise, you don't need a license to set up and operate a low-power wireless LAN.

更多的802.11b/g设备采用S频段ISM。假若设备是低功率，ISM频段通常都是免税许可证。