一個實體簡單的說就是在資料庫中擁有一個表格的物件,並擁有自已的資料庫識別(database identity),之前介紹的Component物件並不是實體,它沒有自已的資料庫識別,具體的話,它沒有id屬性,Hibernate並不會賦予它id值。
實體與實體之間的關係有:一對一、多對一、一對多、多對多。其中多對一算是最常見的實體關係,舉個簡單的例子,假設您在撰寫一個宿舍管理系統,一般來說,房客與房間之間的關係就是一種多對一的關係,因為一間房間可以分配給多個人(學生宿舍啦,一般應該都是二到八個人不等吧!看學校的環境了)。
用程式來表示的話,首先看看Room類別的撰寫,我們只簡單的設定位址屬性於其中:
Room.java
package onlyfun.caterpillar;
public class Room {
private long id;
private String address;
public long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
注意這個類別與Component物件不同的是,它擁有id屬性,在儲存至資料庫,Hibernate會賦予值給它;房客的話我們設計一個User類別:
User.java
package onlyfun.caterpillar;
public class User {
private long id;
private String name;
private Room room;
public long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Room getRoom() {
return room;
}
public void setRoom(Room room) {
this.room = room;
}
}
在Java中,一個Room物件可以被多個User物件參考,也就是說User對Room的關係是多對一的關係,我們也可以反過來設計Room對 User的關係,將其設計為一對多,這在下一個主題中討論,現階段我們先關注多對一的映射,我們的Room映射文件Room.hbm.xml很簡單,如下:
Room.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping
PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="onlyfun.caterpillar.Room" table="ROOM">
<id name="id" column="ROOM_ID">
<generator class="increment"/>
</id>
<property name="address" type="string"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
再來是User.hbm.xml的撰寫,我們使用<many-to-one>來設定多對一映射關係,如下:
User.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping
PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="onlyfun.caterpillar.User" table="USER">
<id name="id" column="USER_ID">
<generator class="increment"/>
</id>
<property name="name">
<column name="NAME" length="16" not-null="true"/>
</property>
<many-to-one name="room"
column="ROOM_ID"
class="onlyfun.caterpillar.Room"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
與User對應的USER表格是透過ROOM_ID的值參考至ROOM表格,當然,最重要的別忘了在hibernate.cfg.xml中指定映射文件的位置與名稱:
hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='big5'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration
PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-2.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
......
<!-- 物件與資料庫表格映射文件 -->
<mapping resource="Room.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="User.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
我們用下面這個程式簡單的測試一下儲存的結果:
HibernateTest.java
import onlyfun.caterpillar.*;
import net.sf.hibernate.*;
import net.sf.hibernate.cfg.*;
public class HibernateTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws HibernateException {
SessionFactory sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
Room room1 = new Room();
room1.setAddress("NTU-M8-419");
Room room2 = new Room();
room2.setAddress("NTU-G3-302");
User user1 = new User();
user1.setName("bush");
user1.setRoom(room1);
User user2 = new User();
user2.setName("caterpillar");
user2.setRoom(room1);
User user3 = new User();
user3.setName("momor");
user3.setRoom(room2);
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction tx= session.beginTransaction();
session.save(room1);
session.save(room2);
session.save(user1);
session.save(user2);
session.save(user3);
tx.commit();
session.close();
sessionFactory.close();
}
}
直接來看看儲存在資料庫中是什麼樣子:
mysql> select * from USER;
+---------+-------------+---------+
| USER_ID | NAME | ROOM_ID |
+---------+-------------+---------+
| 1 | bush | 1 |
| 2 | caterpillar | 1 |
| 3 | momor | 2 |
+---------+-------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from ROOM;
+---------+------------+
| ROOM_ID | address |
+---------+------------+
| 1 | NTU-M8-419 |
| 2 | NTU-G3-302 |
+---------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)