ubuntu 安装 kvm 启动虚拟机

1. 基础环境设置

#更新环境
apt update
apt upgrade

#配置网卡
cat >/etc/netplan/br.yml<<EOF
network:
  ethernets:
    eth2: {}
  bridges:
    br0:
      interfaces:
      - eth2
      addresses:
      - 192.192.1.213/24
      gateway4: 192.192.1.1
      nameservers:
        addresses:
        - 8.8.8.8
        - 8.8.4.4
EOF
#安装组件
apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients bridge-utils virtinst virt-manager virt-viewer
systemctl enable libvirtd && systemctl start libvirtd

2.设置 虚拟机网络

root@test-kvm-sam:~# virsh net-list
 Name   State   Autostart   Persistent
----------------------------------------

root@test-kvm-sam:~#

#创建网络模板

vi /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/br0.xml

<network>
  <name>virt_br0</name>
  <uuid>a1247b77-a308-4567-a60d-d61b79264a0f</uuid>
  <forward mode='bridge'/>
  <bridge name='br0'/>
</network>

#定义


root@test-kvm-sam:~# virsh net-define /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/br0.xml 
Network virt_br0 defined from /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/br0.xml

root@test-kvm-sam:/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks# sudo virsh net-start virt_br0 
Network virt_br0 started

root@test-kvm-sam:/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks# sudo virsh net-autostart virt_br0 
Network virt_br0 marked as autostarted

3.创建磁盘

root@test-kvm-sam:~# lsblk 
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0    7:0    0  63.5M  1 loop /snap/core20/2015
loop1    7:1    0  91.9M  1 loop /snap/lxd/24061
loop2    7:2    0  40.9M  1 loop /snap/snapd/20290
sda      8:0    0   3.5T  0 disk 
sdb      8:16   0   3.5T  0 disk 
sdc      8:32   0   3.5T  0 disk 
sdd      8:48   0   3.5T  0 disk 
sde      8:64   0 446.6G  0 disk 
├─sde1   8:65   0     8M  0 part 
├─sde2   8:66   0     1G  0 part /boot
├─sde3   8:67   0 445.6G  0 part /
└─sde4   8:68   0    65M  0 part 

#pg
root@test-kvm-sam:~# pvcreate kvm_pv /dev/sdd
  Device kvm_pv not found.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created.
#vg
root@test-kvm-sam:~# vgcreate kvm_vg /dev/sdd 
  Volume group "kvm_vg" successfully created


#lv
  root@test-kvm-sam:~# lvcreate -L 1000G -n kvm_lv kvm_vg
  Logical volume "kvm_lv" created.
root@test-kvm-sam:~# lvcreate -L 1000G -n kvm_lv2 kvm_vg
  Logical volume "kvm_lv2" created.
root@test-kvm-sam:~# lvcreate -L 1000G -n kvm_lv3 kvm_vg
  Logical volume "kvm_lv3" created.

#确认
root@test-kvm-sam:~# lsblk 
NAME             MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0              7:0    0  63.5M  1 loop /snap/core20/2015
loop1              7:1    0  91.9M  1 loop /snap/lxd/24061
loop2              7:2    0  40.9M  1 loop /snap/snapd/20290
sda                8:0    0   3.5T  0 disk 
sdb                8:16   0   3.5T  0 disk 
sdc                8:32   0   3.5T  0 disk 
sdd                8:48   0   3.5T  0 disk 
├─kvm_vg-kvm_lv  253:0    0  1000G  0 lvm  /kvm_data
├─kvm_vg-kvm_lv2 253:1    0  1000G  0 lvm  
└─kvm_vg-kvm_lv3 253:2    0  1000G  0 lvm  
sde                8:64   0 446.6G  0 disk 
├─sde1             8:65   0     8M  0 part 
├─sde2             8:66   0     1G  0 part /boot
├─sde3             8:67   0 445.6G  0 part /
└─sde4             8:68   0    65M  0 part 


 #格式化
 root@test-kvm-sam:~# mkfs.xfs /dev/kvm_vg/kvm_lv
meta-data=/dev/kvm_vg/kvm_lv     isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=65536000 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=262144000, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=128000, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0


#挂载
mkdir /kvm_data

#blkid 确认uuid

/dev/mapper/kvm_vg-kvm_lv: UUID="fb699261-1b85-4edd-bf1f-22cfdde2ded6" TYPE="xfs"
#写到开机挂载
root@test-kvm-sam:~# cat /etc/fstab 
LABEL=rootfs / ext4 defaults 0 1
LABEL=mkfs_boot /boot ext4 defaults 0 1
UUID="fb699261-1b85-4edd-bf1f-22cfdde2ded6" /kvm_data xfs defaults 0 1
#挂载
mount -a
df -h

root@test-kvm-sam:~# df -h
Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                       252G     0  252G   0% /dev
tmpfs                       51G  2.8M   51G   1% /run
/dev/sde3                  418G  2.8G  398G   1% /
tmpfs                      252G     0  252G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                      5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs                      252G     0  252G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0                  64M   64M     0 100% /snap/core20/2015
/dev/loop1                  92M   92M     0 100% /snap/lxd/24061
/dev/loop2                  41M   41M     0 100% /snap/snapd/20290
/dev/sde2                  974M  209M  698M  24% /boot
tmpfs                       51G     0   51G   0% /run/user/0
none                       252G  164K  252G   1% /run/qemu
/dev/mapper/kvm_vg-kvm_lv 1000G  7.1G  993G   1% /kvm_data

4.创建虚拟机

#下载centos7.9

wget https://mirrors.cqu.edu.cn/CentOS/7.9.2009/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2009.iso


root@test-kvm-sam:~# cp cCentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2009.iso /kvm_data/
root@test-kvm-sam:~# cd /kvm_data
#查看支持的类型
 virt-install --os-variant list


创建数据盘
root@test-kvm-sam:~# qemu-img create -f qcow2 /kvm_data/testcentos_data7.9.qcow2 200G
Formatting '/kvm_data/testcentos_data7.9.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=214748364800 cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16


#通过iso


```
root@test-kvm-sam:~# virt-install --virt-type kvm --name testcentos7.9 --ram 8192 --vcpus 8 \
--cdrom=/kvm_data/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2009.iso \
--disk /kvm_data/testcentos_data7.9.qcow2,format=qcow2 \
--network bridge=br0 \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole \
--os-type=linux --os-variant=centos7.0

Starting install...
Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect to 
the console to complete the installation process.
root@test-kvm-sam:~#
````

#查看vnc 信息
virsh vncdisplay testcentos7.9
#用vnc 客户端登录安装

5.配置IP 测试

ip addr add 192.192.1.214/24 dev eth0
ip route add default via 192.192.1.1 dev eth0
cat >/etc/resolv.conf<<EOF
nameserver 8.8.8.8
EOF
ping gogole.com