一、spring的基本了解
1.spring包含的模块
2.spring全家桶
spring struts Hibernate
spring springmvc mybatis
springboot
SpringCloud
3.技术层面
安全技术方面:Shiro、springSecurity
数据库层面:hibernate/mybatis、SpringDataJpa
消息中间件:activityMQ、RabbitMQ、kaffka...
4.spring的含义及其目的、功能、范围
spring是一个开源框架,它由Rod Johnson创建。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。然而,spring的用途不仅限于服务器的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言,任何java应用都可以从spring中受益。
目的:解决企业应用开发的复杂性
功能:使用基本的JavaBean代替EJB,并提供了更多的企业应功能
范围:任何java应用
5.spring的使用
a.中间层框架、万能胶
struts2
spring
hibernte
b.容器框架
JavaBean 项目中的一个个类
IOC、AOP
二、IOC
含义
控制反转(IoC=Inversion of Control)IoC,用白话来讲,就是由控制器程序之间的(依赖)关系,而非传统现实中,由程序代码直接操控。这就是所谓“控制反转”的概念所在:(依赖)控制权由应用代码中转到了外部容器,控制权的转移,是所谓反转。
IoC还有一个另外的名字:“依赖注入(DI=Dependency Injection)”,即由容器动态的将某种依赖关系注入到组件之中
导入依赖 pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zw</groupId>
<artifactId>zw_Spring</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>zw_Spring Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<spring.version>5.0.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
<javax.servlet.version>4.0.0</javax.servlet.version>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 2、导入spring依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 5.1、junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 5.2、servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${javax.servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>zw_Spring</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
模拟上传功能
按照以前的操做去实行,如果突然需要整改或升级
如:1、限定上传文件大小 2、限定上传文件类别
所遇到的麻烦:1、更新版本需要改动原有代码
2、相关调用此方法的模块伴随着巨大的风险
使用Ioc操作:将以前由程序员实例化对象/赋值的工作交给了spring处理
导入spring的核心配置文件spring-context.xml:一般就在该文件中进行修改,解决了以前方法操作的麻烦
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 本文件中配置整个项目中包含的所有的JavaBean,目的在于spring统一管理 -->
<bean name="userBiz1" class="com.lv.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl1"></bean>
<bean name="userBiz2" class="com.lv.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl2"></bean>
<bean name="personAction" class="com.lv.ioc.web.PersonAction">
<property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz2"></property>
</bean>
<bean name="userAction" class="com.lv.ioc.web.UserAction">
<property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz1"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
public class PersonAction {
private UserBiz userBiz;
public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
return userBiz;
}
public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
this.userBiz = userBiz;
}
public void upload() {
userBiz.upload();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
PersonAction pa=new PersonAction();
pa.upload();
}
}
三、spring传参
给JavaBean赋初始化值,传参
方法:
1.set传参
2.构造传参
3.自动配置(基本不用)
1.set传参
za定义一个实体类ParamAction:
public class ParamAction {
private int age;
private String name;
private List<String> hobby;
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public List<String> getHobby() {
return hobby;
}
public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
this.hobby = hobby;
}
public void execute() {
System.out.println(this.name);
System.out.println(this.age);
System.out.println(this.hobby);
}
}
在spring-context.xml中进行配置
<bean name="paramAction" class="com.lv.ioc.web.ParamAction">
<property name="name" value="小小"></property>
<property name="age" value="22"></property>
<property name="hobby" >
<list>
<value>游戏</value>
<value>手机</value>
<value>电脑</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
测试:
public class IocTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
ParamAction paramAction = (ParamAction) ac.getBean("paramAction");
paramAction.execute();
}
}
2.构造传参
给实体类ParamAction 添加有参无参的构造方法:
public class ParamAction {
private int age;
private String name;
private List<String> hobby;
public ParamAction(int age, String name, List<String> hobby) {
super();
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
this.hobby = hobby;
}
public ParamAction() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public void execute() {
System.out.println(this.name);
System.out.println(this.age);
System.out.println(this.hobby);
}
}
在spring-context.xml中进行配置
<bean name="paramAction" class="com.lv.ioc.web.ParamAction">
<constructor-arg name="name" value="小民和"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="age" value="19"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="hobby" >
<list>
<value>游戏</value>
<value>手机</value>
<value>电脑</value>
</list>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
四、spring与tomcat整合
功能:减少建模, 性能优化,减少服务器的压力
建立一个监听器:建模的过程直接放到监听器里面完成
public class SpringLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener{
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
System.out.println("监听器方法执行……");
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
sce.getServletContext().setAttribute("SpringContext", ac);
}
}
在web.xml中进行配置:
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<listener>
<listener-class> com.lv.ioc.listener.SpringLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
在servlet中可以直接得到spring上下文,不需再次建模:
@WebServlet("/user")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet{
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ApplicationContext springContext = (ApplicationContext) req.getServletContext().getAttribute("SpringContext");
ParamAction paramAction = (ParamAction) springContext.getBean("paramAction");
paramAction.execute();
}
}
结果:监听器只执行一次