Springmvc快速搭建教程

1. 创建web项目
2. 导入jar包（MySQL连接包可忽略）
3. 

 

4.创建springmvc的.xml配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">
 
 
        <!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.controller"></context:component-scan>
 
        <!-- 配置视图解析器 如何把handler 方法返回值解析为实际的物理视图 -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name = "prefix" value="/jsp/"></property>
            <property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp"></property>
        </bean>
</beans>

5.

①引入约束头文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">

② 配置自动扫描的包,用于扫描controller所在的包名

        <context:component-scan base-package="xxx.xxx"></context:component-scan>

③配置视图解析器，解析controller返回的字符串（实际为xxx.jsp的简写，如：index.jsp,解析器能解析index这个字符串并返回index.jsp这个页面）

6.创建com.controller包及controller类，包名需要与springmvc扫描的包一致

package com.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping("/login")  
	public String login(HttpServletRequest request){
		System.out.println("login方法执行了...");
		String username = request.getParameter("username");
		System.out.println(username);
		return "index";
	}
}

7.controller类的配置

①在类上注册@controller注解，表示其为控制器

②在方法上注册@RequsetMapping（“/xxx”），其作用是标识用户访问具体服务所需要的字符串，如在此标识为”/login”,那么用户访问此方法的URL为localhost:8080/项目名/login

③return “index”表示返回index.jsp这个页面，具体在视图解析器已经说明,实际上可简单理解视图解析器为对String类型进行切割匹配类似，这里是将URL地址切割匹配。

8.在web.xml上注册springDispatcherServlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" 
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
  <display-name></display-name>	
  
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
       <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
       <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
     <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  
      <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
  
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

9.配置web.xml，大家会发现与servlet配置类似，可见springmvc实际是对servlet的封装

①声明springDispatcherServlet

②添加扫描springmvc.xml扫描并加载配置文件

③声明映射的URL地址或需要被拦截的请求，其中mapping名字与servlet注册名字需一致，另外*.action表示拦截所有后缀为.action的url请求，如:localhost:8080/xx/xx.action

10.WEB-INF下随意创建一个jsp，挂一个a链接到controller或直接在地址栏输入localhost:8080/xx/login.action，看配置是否连通

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
	<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
	<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
	<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->
  </head>
  
  <body>
    <a href="login.action?username=张三">第一个springmvc项目</a>
  </body>
</html>

11.控制台login方法输出"login方法执行了..."，表明后端已拦截请求并执行了login方法