1、Rabbitmq组件介绍
消息队列有三个核心要素: 消息生产者、消息队列、消息消费者;
1)、生产者(Producer):发送消息的应用;(java程序,也可能是别的语言写的程序)
2)、消费者(Consumer):接收消息的应用;(java程序,也可能是别的语言写的程序)
3)、代理(Broker):就是消息服务器,RabbitMQ Server就是Message Broker;
4)、连接(Connection):连接RabbitMQ服务器的TCP长连接;
5)、信道(Channel):连接中的一个虚拟通道,消息队列发送或者接收消息时,都是通过信道进行的;
6)、虚拟主机(Virtual host):一个虚拟分组,在代码中就是一个字符串,当多个不同的用户使用同一个RabbitMQ服务时,可以划分出多个Virtual host,每个用户在自己的Virtual host创建exchange/queue等;(分类比较清晰、相互隔离)
7)、交换机(Exchange):交换机负责从生产者接收消息,并根据交换机类型分发到对应的消息队列中,起到一个路由的作用;
8)、路由键(Routing Key):交换机根据路由键来决定消息分发到哪个队列,路由键是消息的目的地址;
9)、绑定(Binding):绑定是队列和交换机的一个关联连接(关联关系);
10)、队列(Queue):存储消息的缓存;
11)、消息(Message):由生产者通过RabbitMQ发送给消费者的信息;(消息可以任何数据,字符串、user对象,json串等等)。
2、引入依赖和添加配置(application.yml)
2.1、引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
<version>3.1.2</version>
</dependency>
2.2、配置信息
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 192.168.30.88
port: 5672
username: admin
password: admin
virtual-host: test # 指定虚拟主机
3、交换机的类型与具体编码实现
3.1、交换机类型
1)、Fanout Exchange(扇形)
2)、Direct Exchange(直连)
3)、Topic Exchange(主题)
4)、Headers Exchange(头部)
3.2、Fanout Exchange
Fanout 扇形的,散开的; 扇形交换机投递消息到所有绑定的队列,不需要路由键,不需要进行路由键的匹配,相当于广播、群发。
Fanout Exchange 配置代码实现
rabbit:
fanout:
exchangeName: exchange.fanout
queueAName: queue.fanout.a
queueBName: queue.fanout.b
@SpringBootConfiguration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "rabbit.fanout")
@Data
public class RabbitConfigFanout {
private String exchangeName;
private String queueAName;
private String queueBName;
// 1、定义交换机,可以采用new的方式,也可以采用建造者模式
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
return ExchangeBuilder.fanoutExchange(exchangeName).build();
}
// 2、定义队列
@Bean
public Queue queueA(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(queueAName).build();
}
@Bean
public Queue queueB(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(queueBName).build();
}
// 3、绑定交换机和对列
@Bean
public Binding bindingA(FanoutExchange exchange, Queue queueA){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA).to(exchange);
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingB(FanoutExchange exchange, Queue queueB){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB).to(exchange);
}
}
Fanout Exchange 生产者代码实现
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void sendMessage(){
String msg = "hello world!";
Message message = new Message(msg.getBytes());
// 向指定的交换机中发送message
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange.fanout", "", message);
}
Fanout Exchange 消费者代码实现
// 从两个队列中获取消息
@RabbitListener(queues = {"queue.fanout.a", "queue.fanout.b"})
public void rec(Message message){
String msg = new String(message.getBody());
System.out.println(msg);
}
3.3、Direct Exchange
根据路由键精确匹配(一模一样)进行路由消息队列。
Direct Exchange 配置代码实现
rabbit:
direct:
exchangeName: exchange.direct
queueAName: queue.direct.a
queueBName: queue.direct.b
@SpringBootConfiguration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "rabbit.direct")
@Data
public class RabbitConfigDirect {
private String exchangeName;
private String queueAName;
private String queueBName;
// 1、定义交换机
@Bean
public DirectExchange directExchange(){
return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(exchangeName).build();
}
// 2、定义队列
@Bean
public Queue queueA(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(queueAName).build();
}
@Bean
public Queue queueB(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(queueBName).build();
}
// 3、通过精确路由key绑定交换机和对列
@Bean
public Binding bindingA(DirectExchange exchange, Queue queueA){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA).to(exchange).with("error");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingB(DirectExchange exchange, Queue queueB){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB).to(exchange).with("info");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingC(DirectExchange exchange, Queue queueB){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB).to(exchange).with("error");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingD(DirectExchange exchange, Queue queueB){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB).to(exchange).with("warning");
}
}
Direct Exchange 生产者代码实现
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate template;
public void sendMsg(){
Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody("hello long".getBytes()).build();
// 向指定的交换机和指定路由key发送message
template.convertAndSend("exchange.direct", "error", message);
}
Direct Exchange 消费者代码实现
// 从两个队列中获取消息
@RabbitListener(queues = {"queue.direct.a"})
public void rec(Message message){
String msg = new String(message.getBody());
System.out.println(msg);
}
3.4、Topic Exchange
通配符匹配,相当于模糊匹配;
1)、# 匹配多个单词,用来表示任意数量(零个或多个)单词;
2)、* 匹配一个单词(必须有一个,而且只有一个),用 . 隔开的为一个单词。
例如:
aaa.# == aaa.queue.abc, aaa.queue.xyz.xxx
aaa.* == aaa.queue, aaa.xyz
Topic Exchange 配置代码实现
rabbit:
topic:
exchangeName: exchange.topic
queueAName: queue.topic.a
queueBName: queue.topic.b
@SpringBootConfiguration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "rabbit.topic")
@Data
public class RabbitConfigTopic {
private String exchangeName;
private String queueAName;
private String queueBName;
// 1、定义交换机
@Bean
public TopicExchange topicExchange(){
return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(exchangeName).build();
}
// 2、定义队列
@Bean
public Queue queueA(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(queueAName).build();
}
@Bean
public Queue queueB(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(queueBName).build();
}
// 3、通过匹配路由key绑定交换机和对列
@Bean
public Binding bindingA(DirectExchange exchange, Queue queueA){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA).to(exchange).with("*.orange.*");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingB(DirectExchange exchange, Queue queueB){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB).to(exchange).with("*.*.rabbit");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingC(DirectExchange exchange, Queue queueB){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB).to(exchange).with("lazy.#");
}
}
Topic Exchange 生产者代码实现
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate template;
public void sendMsg(){
Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody("hello long".getBytes()).build();
// 向指定的交换机和指定路由key发送message
template.convertAndSend("exchange.topic", "lazy.a.b", message);
}
Topic Exchange 消费者代码实现
// 从两个队列中获取消息
@RabbitListener(queues = {"queue.topic.a"})
public void rec(Message message){
String msg = new String(message.getBody());
System.out.println(msg);
}
3.5、Headers Exchange
基于消息内容中的headers属性进行匹配。
Headers Exchange 配置代码实现
rabbit:
headers:
exchangeName: exchange.headers
queueAName: queue.headers.a
queueBName: queue.headers.b
@SpringBootConfiguration
@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "rabbit.headers")
public class RabbitConfigHeaders {
private String exchangeName;
private String queueAName;
private String queueBName;
// 1、定义交换机
@Bean
public HeadersExchange headersExchange(){
return ExchangeBuilder.headersExchange(exchangeName).build();
}
// 2、定义队列
@Bean
public Queue queueA(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(queueAName).build();
}
@Bean
public Queue queueB(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(queueBName).build();
}
// 3、绑定
@Bean
public Binding bindingA(HeadersExchange exchange, Queue queueA){
Map<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<>();
headers.put("type", "m");
headers.put("status", 1);
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA).to(exchange).whereAll(headers).match();
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingB(HeadersExchange exchange, Queue queueB){
Map<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<>();
headers.put("type", "s");
headers.put("status", 0);
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB).to(exchange).whereAll(headers).match();
}
}
Headers Exchange 生产者代码实现
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate template;
public void sendMsg(){
// 自定义消息属性
MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
messageProperties.setHeader("type", "m");
messageProperties.setHeader("status", 1);
Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody("hello long".getBytes()).andProperties(messageProperties).build();
template.convertAndSend("exchange.headers", "", message);
}
Headers Exchange 消费者代码实现
// 从两个队列中获取消息
@RabbitListener(queues = {"queue.headers.a"})
public void rec(Message message){
String msg = new String(message.getBody());
System.out.println(msg);
}
4、总结
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