1.查看当前服务器时区&列出时区并设置时区:
# timedatectl # timedatectl list-timezones # timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
2.时间时区概念理解:
GMT、UTC、CST、DST
UTC:
整个地球分为二十四时区,每个时区都有自己的本地时间,在国际无线电通信场合,为了统一起见,使用一个统一的时间,称为通用协调时(UTC:Universal Time Coordinated)。
GMT:
格林威治标准时间 (Greenwich Mean Time)指位于英国伦敦郊区的皇家格林尼治天文台的标准时间,因为本初子午线被定义在通过那里的经线(UTC与GMT时间基本相同)。
CST:
中国标准时间 (China Standard Time)
GMT + 8 = UTC + 8 = CST
DST:
夏令时(Daylight Saving Time) 指在夏天太阳升起的比较早时,将时间拨快一小时,以提早日光的使用(中国不使用)。
2.使用 NTP 公共时间服务器池(NTP Public Pool Time Servers)http://www.pool.ntp.org 同步你的服务器时间。
查看是否安装:
# rpm -q ntp ntp-4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.2.x86_64
如已安装请略过此步,否则请执行以下命令安装:
# yum install ntpdate ntp -y
修改NTP配置:
注:绿色为原有我注释掉的内容,红色为新增代替之前注释内容,其他默认。
# vim /etc/ntp.conf # For more information about this file, see the man pages # ntp.conf(5), ntp_acc(5), ntp_auth(5), ntp_clock(5), ntp_misc(5), ntp_mon(5). driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift #新增:日志目录. logfile /var/log/ntpd.log # Permit time synchronization with our time source, but do not # permit the source to query or modify the service on this system. restrict default nomodify notrap nopeer noquery # Permit all access over the loopback interface. This could # be tightened as well, but to do so would effect some of # the administrative functions. restrict 127.0.0.1 restrict ::1 #这一行的含义是授权172.16.128.0网段上的所有机器可以从这台机器上查询和同步时间. restrict 172.16.128.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap # Hosts on local network are less restricted. #restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap # Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project. # Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html). #server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst #server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst #server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst #server 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst #新增:时间服务器列表. server 0.cn.pool.ntp.org iburst server 1.cn.pool.ntp.org iburst server 2.cn.pool.ntp.org iburst server 3.cn.pool.ntp.org iburst #新增:当外部时间不可用时,使用本地时间. server 172.16.128.171 iburst fudge 127.0.0.1 stratum 10 #broadcast 192.168.1.255 autokey # broadcast server #broadcastclient # broadcast client #broadcast 224.0.1.1 autokey # multicast server #multicastclient 224.0.1.1 # multicast client #manycastserver 239.255.254.254 # manycast server #manycastclient 239.255.254.254 autokey # manycast client #新增:允许上层时间服务器主动修改本机时间. restrict 0.cn.pool.ntp.org nomodify notrap noquery restrict 1.cn.pool.ntp.org nomodify notrap noquery restrict 2.cn.pool.ntp.org nomodify notrap noquery # Enable public key cryptography. #crypto includefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw # Key file containing the keys and key identifiers used when operating # with symmetric key cryptography. keys /etc/ntp/keys # Specify the key identifiers which are trusted. #trustedkey 4 8 42 # Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpdc utility. #requestkey 8 # Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpq utility. #controlkey 8 # Enable writing of statistics records. #statistics clockstats cryptostats loopstats peerstats # Disable the monitoring facility to prevent amplification attacks using ntpdc # monlist command when default restrict does not include the noquery flag. See # CVE-2013-5211 for more details. # Note: Monitoring will not be disabled with the limited restriction flag. disable monitor
3.设置系统开机自启动:
# systemctl enable ntpd # systemctl enable ntpdate # systemctl is-enabled ntpd
在ntpd服务启动时,先使用ntpdate命令同步时间:
# ntpdate -u 1.cn.pool.ntp.org
原因之一:当服务端与客户端之间的时间误差过大时,此时修改时间可能对系统或应用带来不可预知问题,NTP会停止时间同步。若检查NTP启动后时间未同步时,应考虑可能是时间误差过大所致,此时需要先手动进行时间同步。
启动NTP服务器:
# systemctl start ntpdate # systemctl start ntpd
4.加入防火墙:
# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ntp # firewall-cmd --reload
5.查看ntp连接状态如果没有问题,将正确时间写入硬件:
# ss -tlunp | grep ntp # ntpq -p # hwclock -w
5.1.系统时间与硬件时间
硬件时间:
RTC(Real-Time Clock)或CMOS时间,一般在主板上靠电池供电,服务器断电后也会继续运行。仅保存日期时间数值,无法保存时区和夏令时设置。
系统时间:
一般在服务器启动时复制RTC时间,之后独立运行,保存了时间、时区和夏令时设置。
6.客户端:
以服务进程方式实时同步(需安装NTP):
# vim /etc/ntp.conf server 172.16.128.171
重要:修改任意节点服务器的NTP配置文件都需要重起ntpd服务:
# systemctl restart ntpd
以crontab任务计划同步时间(需安装ntpdate,每天24点更新同步时间):
# crontab -e 0 0 * * * /usr/sbin/sntp -P no -r 172.16.128.171;hwclock -w