微服务之分布式事务篇 Seata
Seata简介
Seata 是一款开源的分布式事务解决方案，致力于提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务。Seata 将为用户提供了 AT、TCC、SAGA 和 XA 事务模式，为用户打造一站式的分布式解决方案。
Seata基础概念
- TC (Transaction Coordinator) - 事务协调者
- 维护全局和分支事务的状态，驱动全局事务提交或回滚。
- TM (Transaction Manager) - 事务管理器
- 定义全局事务的范围：开始全局事务、提交或回滚全局事务。
- RM (Resource Manager) - 资源管理器
- 管理分支事务处理的资源，与TC交谈以注册分支事务和报告分支事务的状态，并驱动分支事务提交或回滚。
Seata使用场景
- 实例场景：购买商品下单逻辑
- 仓储服务：对给定的商品扣除仓储数量
- 订单服务：根据采购需求创建订单
- 帐户服务：从用户帐户中扣除余额
- 架构图
- Seata的分布式交易解决方案
Seata入门案例配置中心为nacos
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以RuoYi微服务为基础框架(也可自行搭建服务框架)
- 下载地址：
https://gitee.com/y_project/RuoYi-Cloud.git - 文档启动项目文档：
http://doc.ruoyi.vip/ruoyi-cloud/
- 下载地址：
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解压seata-server, 并修改其中的conf/registry.conf文件, 不指定的话registry.conf就是seata的主配置文件
registry { type = "nacos" nacos { application = "seata-server" serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848" group = "SEATA_GROUP" namespace = "" cluster = "my_test_cluster" # 默认集群名称为default, 此处自定义了 username = "" password = "" } } config { type = "nacos" nacos { serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848" namespace = "" group = "SEATA_GROUP" username = "" password = "" dataId = "seataServer.properties" } } -
启动在bin下的seata-server.sh，这时就可以在nacos的服务列表中看到seata-server
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由于seata使用mysql作为db高可用数据库，故需要在mysql创建一个ry-seata库，并导入数据库脚本。
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `global_table`; CREATE TABLE `global_table` ( `xid` varchar(128) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL, `transaction_id` bigint(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `status` tinyint(4) NOT NULL, `application_id` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `transaction_service_group` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `transaction_name` varchar(128) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `timeout` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `begin_time` bigint(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `application_data` varchar(2000) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `gmt_create` datetime NULL DEFAULT NULL, `gmt_modified` datetime NULL DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`xid`) USING BTREE, INDEX `idx_gmt_modified_status`(`gmt_modified`, `status`) USING BTREE, INDEX `idx_transaction_id`(`transaction_id`) USING BTREE ) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT = '全局事务表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `branch_table`; CREATE TABLE `branch_table` ( `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `xid` varchar(128) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL, `transaction_id` bigint(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `resource_group_id` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `resource_id` varchar(256) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `branch_type` varchar(8) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `status` tinyint(4) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `client_id` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `application_data` varchar(2000) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `gmt_create` datetime(6) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `gmt_modified` datetime(6) NULL DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`) USING BTREE, INDEX `idx_xid`(`xid`) USING BTREE ) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT = '分支事务表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `lock_table`; CREATE TABLE `lock_table` ( `row_key` varchar(128) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL, `xid` varchar(96) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `transaction_id` bigint(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL, `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `resource_id` varchar(256) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `table_name` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `pk` varchar(36) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL, `gmt_create` datetime NULL DEFAULT NULL, `gmt_modified` datetime NULL DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`row_key`) USING BTREE, INDEX `idx_branch_id`(`branch_id`) USING BTREE ) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT = '全局锁数据' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic; -
在seata解压的目录下查看config.txt（没有则创建）
client.undo.logSerialization=kryo # 不添加这个配置会报序列化有关的错 service.vgroupMapping.ruoyi-students-group=my_test_cluster # 另一个微服务 service.vgroupMapping.ruoyi-system-group=my_test_cluster # 一个微服务 store.mode=db store.db.datasource=druid store.db.dbType=mysql store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/ry-seata?useUnicode=true store.db.user=root store.db.password=password store.db.minConn=5 store.db.maxConn=30 store.db.globalTable=global_table store.db.branchTable=branch_table store.db.queryLimit=100 store.db.lockTable=lock_table store.db.maxWait=5000 -
在conf文件夹下查看nacos-config.sh（没有则创建）
#!/usr/bin/env bash # Copyright 1999-2019 Seata.io Group. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at、 # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. while getopts ":h:p:g:t:u:w:" opt do case $opt in h) host=$OPTARG ;; p) port=$OPTARG ;; g) group=$OPTARG ;; t) tenant=$OPTARG ;; u) username=$OPTARG ;; w) password=$OPTARG ;; ?) echo " USAGE OPTION: $0 [-h host] [-p port] [-g group] [-t tenant] [-u username] [-w password] " exit 1 ;; esac done urlencode() { for ((i=0; i < ${#1}; i++)) do char="${1:$i:1}" case $char in [a-zA-Z0-9.~_-]) printf $char ;; *) printf '%%%02X' "'$char" ;; esac done } if [[ -z ${host} ]]; then host=localhost fi if [[ -z ${port} ]]; then port=8848 fi if [[ -z ${group} ]]; then group="SEATA_GROUP" fi if [[ -z ${tenant} ]]; then tenant="" fi if [[ -z ${username} ]]; then username="" fi if [[ -z ${password} ]]; then password="" fi nacosAddr=$host:$port contentType="content-type:application/json;charset=UTF-8" echo "set nacosAddr=$nacosAddr" echo "set group=$group" failCount=0 tempLog=$(mktemp -u) function addConfig() { curl -X POST -H "${contentType}" "http://$nacosAddr/nacos/v1/cs/configs?dataId=$(urlencode $1)&group=$group&content=$(urlencode $2)&tenant=$tenant&username=$username&password=$password" >"${tempLog}" 2>/dev/null if [[ -z $(cat "${tempLog}") ]]; then echo " Please check the cluster status. " exit 1 fi if [[ $(cat "${tempLog}") =~ "true" ]]; then echo "Set $1=$2 successfully " else echo "Set $1=$2 failure " (( failCount++ )) fi } count=0 for line in $(cat $(dirname "$PWD")/config.txt | sed s/[[:space:]]//g); do (( count++ )) key=${line%%=*} value=${line#*=} addConfig "${key}" "${value}" done echo "=========================================================================" echo " Complete initialization parameters, total-count:$count , failure-count:$failCount " echo "=========================================================================" if [[ ${failCount} -eq 0 ]]; then echo " Init nacos config finished, please start seata-server. " else echo " init nacos config fail. " fi -
使配置生效：
sh nacos-config.sh 127.0.0.1# nacos地址 -
新增或修改服务在nacos上的配置文件
# spring配置 spring: datasource: dynamic: # 开启seata代理 seata: true # seata配置 seata: enabled: true # Seata 应用编号，默认为 ${spring.application.name} application-id: ${spring.application.name} # Seata 事务组编号，用于 TC 集群名 tx-service-group: ${spring.application.name}-group # 关闭自动代理 enable-auto-data-source-proxy: false # 服务配置项 service: # 虚拟组和分组的映射 vgroup-mapping: ruoyi-system-group: my_test_cluster # 注意这里配置的是集群名称 config: type: nacos nacos: serverAddr: 127.0.0.1:8848 group: SEATA_GROUP namespace: registry: type: nacos nacos: application: seata-server server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 namespace:
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