很多书本或是参考资料讲解进程间通信的例子,
通常都只是一个父进程与子进程间的实现,对于实用的启发性不大,
本例是我自己写的一个实现:
生成了两个子进程:转换进程和写进程;
实现了读取文件,转换成大写,并写输出文件的功能。
父进程不断读文件的数据并通过匿名管道发送到转换进程;
转换进程从匿名管道读取数据,转换后,通过匿名管道发送到写进程;
写进程从匿名管道读取数据并写到文件。
下面是流程图:
这样的设计是对多进程并行工作的模拟,
可以使得读取,转码,写进程实现流水线般的并行,
稍作改进,添加功能后,能用在很多的场合。
以下是代码实现:
main.c
- /*
- * \File
- * main.c
- * \Descript
- * father-process reads input file and sends to child-process by anonymous-pipe
- * client-process transform and write into output file
- */
-
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
-
- #include "trans.h"
-
- FILE* fp_in = NULL;
- FILE* fp_out = NULL;
- #define TESTF_IN "test.dat"
- #define TESTF_OUT "out.dat"
- #define MAX_LINE 512
- #define OP_LEN 100
- /*
- * \Func
- * main
- * \Descript
- *
- */
- int main(char argc, char* argv[])
- {
- int pidstatus;
- int fdfile_in, fdfile_out;
-
- int fdpipe_a[2];
- int fdpipe_b[2];
- int pid_trans = -1, pid_write = -1;
-
-
- /* Create anonymous-pipe */
- if( (pipe(fdpipe_a) < 0) || (pipe(fdpipe_b) < 0))
- {
- printf("open pipe failed.\n");
- exit(1);
- }
-
- if ( (fp_in = fopen(TESTF_IN, "r")) < 0 )
- {
- printf("open input file failed: %s\n", TESTF_IN);
- exit(1);
- }
-
- if ( (fp_out = fopen(TESTF_OUT, "w")) < 0 )
- {
- printf("open input file failed: %s\n", TESTF_OUT);
- exit(1);
- }
-
- if ( (pid_trans = fork()) && (pid_write = fork()) )
- {
- /*
- * PARENT_PROCESS:
- * read data from in-file, write it into anonymos-pipe.
- */
-
- int s_read = 0, s_write;
- char bufparent[512];
-
- while((s_read = fread(bufparent, sizeof(char), OP_LEN ,fp_in) ) )
- {
- printf("***** %d, %s\n", s_read, bufparent);
- if ( (s_write = write(fdpipe_a[1], bufparent, s_read)) < 0 )
- {
- printf("write pipe failed.\n");
- exit(1);
- }
- memset(bufparent, 0, 512);
- if( feof(fp_in) != 0 )
- {
- printf("\n***** OVER ******\n");
- exit(1);
- }
- }
- }
- else if ( pid_trans == 0 )
- {
- /*
- * TRANS_PROCESS:
- * read anonymous-pipe, transcode, write anonymos-pipe.
- */
-
- char buftrans_in[512], buftrans_out[512];
- int size_read, size_write;
- int ret;
-
- while(size_read = read(fdpipe_a[0], buftrans_in, OP_LEN))
- {
- ret = trans_lower2upper(buftrans_in, buftrans_out, size_read);
-
- if ( (size_write = write(fdpipe_b[1], buftrans_out, size_read)) < 0 )
- {
- printf("trans-process write failed.\n");
- exit(2);
- }
- }
- }
- else if ( pid_write == 0 )
- {
- /*
- * WRITE_PROCESS:
- * read anonymous-pipe, write it into out-file
- */
- int s_read, s_write;
- char bufwrite[512];
-
- while ( s_read = read(fdpipe_b[0], bufwrite, OP_LEN) )
- {
- if( (s_write = fwrite(bufwrite, sizeof(char), s_read, fp_out)) < 0)
- {
- printf("..... write error.\n");
- exit(3);
- }
- if(s_read < OP_LEN)
- {
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- else
- {
- printf("fork process failed.\n");
- exit(1);
- }
-
- waitpid(pid_trans, &pidstatus, 0);
- waitpid(pid_write, &pidstatus, 0);
- fclose(fp_out);
- fclose(fp_in);
- return 0;
- }
trans.h
- /*
- * \File
- * trans.h
- * \Descript
- *
- */
-
- #ifndef __TRANS_H__
- #define __TRANS_H__
- int trans_lower2upper(char* buf_in, char* buf_out, int len);
-
- #endif
trans.c
- /*
- * \File
- * trans.c
- * \Descript
- *
- */
-
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
-
- #include "trans.h"
-
- /*
- * \Func
- * trans_lower2upper
- * \Descript
- * Lowercase turn uppercase
- */
- int trans_lower2upper(char* buf_in, char* buf_out, int buf_len)
- {
- int len = buf_len;
- char* cp_in = buf_in;
- char* cp_out = buf_out;
- char atom;
- char offset;
-
- while(len--)
- {
- atom = *(cp_in++);
-
- if( (atom >= 'a') && (atom <= 'z') )
- {
- offset = atom - 'a';
- atom = 'A' + offset;
- }
- *(cp_out++) = atom;
- }
-
- return 0;
- }
makefile
- OBJECTS = main.o trans.o
- CC = gcc
-
- anonymous_pipe : $(OBJECTS)
- $(CC) -o anonymous_pipe $(OBJECTS)
-
- main.o:trans.h
- trans.o:trans.h
-
- .PHONY:clean
- clean:
- rm anonymous_pipe $(OBJECTS)