Spring Cloud Hystrix：断路器

Hystrix是一个延迟和容错库，旨在隔离对远程系统，服务和第三方库的访问点，停止级联故障，并在复杂的分布式系统中实现弹性，在这些系统中，故障是不可避免的。

引入以下依赖

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
``
`

SpringBootApplication入口中需要添加@EnableCircuitBreaker注解，此时Spring工厂会启动AOP方式对所有的方法上有@HystrixCommand的业务方法添加熔断策略。

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCircuitBreaker
@MapperScans(value = {@MapperScan(basePackages = {"com.jiangzz.dao"})})
public class HystrixSpringBootApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(HystrixSpringBootApplication.class,args);
    }
}

在业务方法上添加@HystrixCommand注解实现熔断。

@HystrixCommand
@Override
public User queryUserById(Integer id) {
    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId());
    return userDAO.queryById(id);
}

线程隔离

默认该方法的执行会启动新的线程执行和主程序不在一个线程中，因此如果上下文中存在ThreadLocal变量，在该方法中就失效了。因此一般可以通过设置commandProperties注解属性，设置线程就可以了。

@HystrixCommand(commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.strategy",value = "SEMAPHORE")
    })
@Override
public User queryUserById(Integer id) {
    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId());
    return userDAO.queryById(id);
}

execution.isolation.strategy该属性的可选值有两个THREAD和SEMAPHORE默认值是THREAD.①一般如果一个实例一秒钟有100个并发，此时因为频繁启动线程的开销过大此时一般考虑使用SEMAPHORE，②非网络调用。

Fallback

过在@HystrixCommand中声明fallbackMethod的名称可以实现优雅降级，如下所示：

@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallbackMethodQueryUserById")
@Override
public User queryUserById(Integer id) {
    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId());
    int i=10/0;
    return userDAO.queryById(id);
}
public User fallbackMethodQueryUserById(Integer id, Throwable e) {
    System.out.println(e.getMessage());
    return new User();
}

注意要求fallbackMethod方法和目标方法必须在同一个类中，具有相同的参数（异常参数可选）

Error Propagation

根据此描述，@ HystrixCommand能够指定应忽略的异常类型。如下所述ArithmeticException: / by zero将不会触发fallbackMethod方法。

@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallbackMethodQueryUserById",ignoreExceptions = {ArithmeticException.class})
@Override
public User queryUserById(Integer id) {
    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId());
    int i=10/0;
    return userDAO.queryById(id);
}
public User fallbackMethodQueryUserById(Integer id, Throwable e) {
    System.out.println(e.getMessage());
    return new User();
}

请求超时熔断

用户可以通过设置execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds属性设置一个方法最大请求延迟，系统会抛出HystrixTimeoutException

 @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallbackMethodQueryUserById",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="100")
})
@Override
public User queryUserById(Integer id) {
    return userDAO.queryById(id);
}

public User fallbackMethodQueryUserById(Integer id, Throwable e) {
    System.out.println(e);
    return new User();
}

更多内容请参考：

https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix/tree/master/hystrix-contrib/hystrix-javanica
https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix/wiki/Configuration

Hystrix Dashboard

项目添加如下依赖

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</parent>

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>Greenwich.SR1</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>