golang导入不同文件夹下的自定义包

参考文章 https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/g4_HWOzL3NNFvyOHseLE6Q。

1. 首先创建目录 src/github.com/gopherguides
2. mkdir cmd 和 mkdir creatures
   
3. 执行go mod

• cd cmd && go mod init github.com/gopherguides/cmd
• cd go creature && mod init github.com/gopherguides/creature
  

4. 新增 main.go 和 creature.go 文件
   

• creature.go

package creature

import (
 "math/rand"
)

var creatures = []string{"shark", "jellyfish", "squid", "octopus", "dolphin"}

func Random() string {
 i := rand.Intn(len(creatures))
 return creatures[i]
}

• main.go

package main

import (
 "fmt"

 "github.com/gopherguides/creature"
)

func main() {
 fmt.Println(creature.Random())
 fmt.Println(creature.Random())
 fmt.Println(creature.Random())
 fmt.Println(creature.Random())
}

5. 此时import会找不到 github.com/gopherguides/creature 包，需要在go.mod里指定包路径

• 运行命令：go mod edit -replace github.com/gopherguides/creature=…/creature

cmd/go.mod

module github.com/gopherguides/cmd

go 1.20
replace github.com/gopherguides/creature => ../creature

第一行告诉编译器，我们创建的 cmd 包实际上是 github.com/gopherguides/cmd。
第二行告诉编译器，github.com/gopherguides/creature可以在磁盘上的 …/creature 目录下找到。

creature/go.mod

module github.com/gopherguides/creature

go 1.20

这告诉编译器，我们创建的 creature 包实际上是 github.com/gopherguides/creature 包。没有这个，cmd 包就不知道从哪里导入这个包。

6. cd cmd && go mod tidy

cmd/go.mod

module github.com/gopherguides/cmd

go 1.20

replace github.com/gopherguides/creature => ../creature

require github.com/gopherguides/creature v0.0.0-00010101000000-000000000000

7. cd cmd && go run main.go