linux安装mysql步骤

1.下载

地址:https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

2.解压

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

3.安装组件

yum -y install autoconf 
yum install libaio* -y

4.添加用户组

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql

5.创建数据目录

mkdir -p  /usr/local/mysql/database              
chown mysql:mysql -R /usr/local/mysql/database 

6.配置my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
# datadir=/var/lib/mysql
# socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/database
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/database/mysql.err
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/database/mysql.pid
#character config
character_set_server=utf8mb4
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
sql_mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION


[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

7.初始化数据库

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/

./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/database/ --user=mysql –initialize

查看初始密码

cat /usr/local/mysql/database/mysql.err

8.启动mysql

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

service mysql start

如果启动报如下错误

解决办法

touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mariadb/

9.修改密码

查看密码

cat /usr/local/mysql/database/mysql.err

修改密码

切换到/usr/local/mysql/bin目录下，登录数据库

./mysql -u root -

SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('1qaz@WSX#$123456');
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 

设置允许远程登录

use mysql                                            
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';      
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

如果还是不能远程连接，有可能是防火墙开了，添加3306端口可以到防火墙中

# 查看防火墙状态
firewall-cmd --state
# 启动防火墙
systemctl start firewalld.service
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service
# 设置开机自启动
systemctl enable firewalld.service
# 开放防火墙端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
# 重新加载配置
firewall-cmd --reload
# 查看开放的防火墙端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports