使用idea创建一个SpringBoot项目,进行尝试学习使用SpringBoot.
-
SpringBoot是什么?
SpringBoot是一种框架,和Spring框架不同的是,它整合了很多的框架.从名字上就可以看出,SpringBoot和Spring的关系密切,它就是对Spring等一系列框架的整合体. -
为什么要使用SpringBoot?
较传统SSM来说,开发一个项目,即使是简单的HelloWorld,初始搭建也是比较麻烦.大量的配置比较繁琐.反观SpringBoot,设计目的就是为了简化Spring的配置,能够让开发人员在开发过程中省下不少精力.
优点:
- 创建独立的Spring应用程序
- 嵌入Tomcat,无需部署war文件
- 简化Maven配置
- 自动配置Spring
- 提供生产就绪型功能,如指标,健康检查和外部配置
- 绝对没有代码生成并且对XML也没有配置要求
总而言之,好处多多,那就开始SpringBoot的初体验吧!
- 如何使用SpringBoot?
使用IntellJ Idea 创建一个SpringBoot的项目,写一个HelloWorld.
首先,File->New->Project…->Spring Initalizr->Next->Project Metadata(就是Maven配置项)->Dependencies->Web勾选web->Next->Finish
pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>demo2</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>demo2</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
在src/main/java下的com.example.demo2有一个Demo2Application类,作为运行程序的主入口,测试HelloWorld中,什么都不用写.
写一个controller类,HelloWorld.java
package com.example.demo2.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* 使用此注解之后不会再走视图处理器,而是直接将数据写入到输出流中,
* 它的效果等同于通过response对象输出指定格式的数据
*/
@RestController
public class HelloWorld {
@RequestMapping("info")
public String info(){
return "Hello World!";
}
}
运行Demo2Application后,在浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/info,就可以看到Hello World!
当然,也可写一个单元测试,来查看它的request和response
package com.example.demo2;
import com.example.demo2.controller.HelloWorld;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class HelloWorldControllerTests {
private MockMvc mvc;
@Before
public void setup() throws Exception{
mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new HelloWorld()).build();
}
@Test
public void getHello() throws Exception{
mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/info").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
.andReturn();
}
}
运行单元测试,结果是:
MockHttpServletRequest:
HTTP Method = GET
Request URI = /info
Parameters = {}
Headers = [Accept:"application/json"]
Body = <no character encoding set>
Session Attrs = {}
Handler:
Type = com.example.demo2.controller.HelloWorld
Method = public java.lang.String com.example.demo2.controller.HelloWorld.info()
Async:
Async started = false
Async result = null
Resolved Exception:
Type = null
ModelAndView:
View name = null
View = null
Model = null
FlashMap:
Attributes = null
MockHttpServletResponse:
Status = 200
Error message = null
Headers = [Content-Type:"application/json;charset=ISO-8859-1", Content-Length:"12"]
Content type = application/json;charset=ISO-8859-1
Body = Hello World!
Forwarded URL = null
Redirected URL = null
Cookies = []