SpringBoot初体验

使用idea创建一个SpringBoot项目,进行尝试学习使用SpringBoot.

1. SpringBoot是什么?
   SpringBoot是一种框架,和Spring框架不同的是,它整合了很多的框架.从名字上就可以看出,SpringBoot和Spring的关系密切,它就是对Spring等一系列框架的整合体.

2. 为什么要使用SpringBoot?
   较传统SSM来说,开发一个项目,即使是简单的HelloWorld,初始搭建也是比较麻烦.大量的配置比较繁琐.反观SpringBoot,设计目的就是为了简化Spring的配置,能够让开发人员在开发过程中省下不少精力.
   优点:
   - 创建独立的Spring应用程序
   - 嵌入Tomcat,无需部署war文件
   - 简化Maven配置
   - 自动配置Spring
   - 提供生产就绪型功能，如指标，健康检查和外部配置
   - 绝对没有代码生成并且对XML也没有配置要求

总而言之,好处多多,那就开始SpringBoot的初体验吧!

3. 如何使用SpringBoot?
   使用IntellJ Idea 创建一个SpringBoot的项目,写一个HelloWorld.
   首先,File->New->Project…->Spring Initalizr->Next->Project Metadata(就是Maven配置项)->Dependencies->Web勾选web->Next->Finish
   pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo2</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <name>demo2</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

在src/main/java下的com.example.demo2有一个Demo2Application类,作为运行程序的主入口,测试HelloWorld中,什么都不用写.
写一个controller类,HelloWorld.java

package com.example.demo2.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * 使用此注解之后不会再走视图处理器，而是直接将数据写入到输出流中，
 * 它的效果等同于通过response对象输出指定格式的数据
 */
@RestController
public class HelloWorld {

    @RequestMapping("info")
    public String info(){
        return "Hello World!";
    }
}

运行Demo2Application后,在浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/info,就可以看到Hello World!

当然,也可写一个单元测试,来查看它的request和response

package com.example.demo2;

import com.example.demo2.controller.HelloWorld;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class HelloWorldControllerTests {
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() throws Exception{
        mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new HelloWorld()).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void getHello() throws Exception{
        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/info").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                    .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                    .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                    .andReturn();
    }
}

运行单元测试,结果是:

MockHttpServletRequest:
      HTTP Method = GET
      Request URI = /info
       Parameters = {}
          Headers = [Accept:"application/json"]
             Body = <no character encoding set>
    Session Attrs = {}

Handler:
             Type = com.example.demo2.controller.HelloWorld
           Method = public java.lang.String com.example.demo2.controller.HelloWorld.info()

Async:
    Async started = false
     Async result = null

Resolved Exception:
             Type = null

ModelAndView:
        View name = null
             View = null
            Model = null

FlashMap:
       Attributes = null

MockHttpServletResponse:
           Status = 200
    Error message = null
          Headers = [Content-Type:"application/json;charset=ISO-8859-1", Content-Length:"12"]
     Content type = application/json;charset=ISO-8859-1
             Body = Hello World!
    Forwarded URL = null
   Redirected URL = null
          Cookies = []