try-with-resources 语句是声明一个或多个资源的try语句,在程序执行完后资源一定会随之被关闭,try-with-resources语句确保每一个声明的资源都会在该语句执行完毕后被关闭。任何实现了java.util.AutoCloseable或者java.io.Closeable接口的对象都可以作为资源。
下面的例子使用BufferedReader,读取文件的数据。这里BufferedReader作为一个资源在程序执行完后一定会被关闭。
static String readFirstLineFromFile(String path) throws IOException {
try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path))) {
return br.readLine();
}
}
在上面的例子中,try-with-resources语句声明的资源是BufferedReader。资源声明紧随在try关键字的括号中。在Java SE7和新的版本中,BufferedReader实现了java.util.AutoCloseable。因为BufferedReader在try-with-resource语句中被声明为一个资源,那么它将被无条件关闭,无论try语句是正常执行完还是出现意外(抛出异常)。
在Java SE7先前的版本中,你可以使用finally语句块来确保资源被关闭,下面的例子使用finally语句块代替try-with-resource语句
static String readFirstLineFromFileWithFinallyBlock(String path) throws IOException {
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path));
try {
return br.readLine();
} finally {
if (br != null) br.close();
}
}
然而,在上面的例子中,如果readLine或者close抛出了异常,readFirstLineFromFileWithFinallyBlock方法将会从finally语句块中抛出异常,try块中抛出的异常才会被压制。相比之下,在readFirstLineFromFile方法中,如果try块和try-with-resources语句均抛出异常, 那readFirstLineFromFile将抛出从try块中抛出的异常;try-with-resources块抛出的异常会被压制。
你可以在声明try-with-resource语句中声明一个或多个资源。下面的例子在zip文件zipFileName中检索文件名,并创建一个包含所有这些名称的文件。
public static void writeToFileZipFileContents(String zipFileName, String outputFileName)
throws java.io.IOException {
java.nio.charset.Charset charset = java.nio.charset.Charset.forName("US-ASCII");
java.nio.file.Path outputFilePath = java.nio.file.Paths.get(outputFileName);
// Open zip file and create output file with try-with-resources statement
try (
java.util.zip.ZipFile zf = new java.util.zip.ZipFile(zipFileName);
java.io.BufferedWriter writer = java.nio.file.Files.newBufferedWriter(outputFilePath, charset)
) {
// Enumerate each entry
for (java.util.Enumeration entries = zf.entries(); entries.hasMoreElements();) {
// Get the entry name and write it to the output file
String newLine = System.getProperty("line.separator");
String zipEntryName = ((java.util.zip.ZipEntry)entries.nextElement()).getName() + newLine;
writer.write(zipEntryName, 0, zipEntryName.length());
}
}
}
在这个例子中,try-with-resource语句包含两个资源声明ZipFile和BufferedWriter,用分号隔开。当下面的代码块执行结束,无论是正常执行结束或者抛出了异常,BufferedWriter和ZipFile的close方法会随之被调用。注意,这个两个资源的close方法的调用不一定是按照资源创建的顺序调用执行的。
下面的例子使用try-with-resouce语句自动关闭java.sql.Statement对象:
public static void viewTable(Connection con) throws SQLException {
String query = "select COF_NAME, SUP_ID, PRICE, SALES, TOTAL from COFFEES";
try (Statement stmt = con.createStatement()) {
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);
while (rs.next()) {
String coffeeName = rs.getString("COF_NAME");
int supplierID = rs.getInt("SUP_ID");
float price = rs.getFloat("PRICE");
int sales = rs.getInt("SALES");
int total = rs.getInt("TOTAL");
System.out.println(coffeeName + ", " + supplierID + ", " + price +
", " + sales + ", " + total);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
}
}
注意:一个try-with-resource语句就想一般的try语句一样可以有catch和finally语句块。在try-with-resource语句中的catch和finally语句块将在资源关闭后执行。
文章译自:http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/language/try-with-resources.html