composer

Composer 是 PHP 用来管理依赖(dependency)关系的工具

安装方式分为两种1.locally和2.globally

使用composer 在项目根目录要有composer.json 文件。该文件包含了项目的依赖和其它的一些元数据。

类似于

poser.json 
{
    "license": "MIT",
    "type": "project",
    "require": {
        "php": ">=5.5.9",
        "laravel/framework": "5.1.*",
        "laravel/socialite": "^2.0",
        "illuminate/html": "^5.0",
        "raven/raven": "^0.12.0",
        "barryvdh/laravel-debugbar": "^2.0",
        "league/url": "^3.3",
        "michelf/php-markdown": "^1.5",
        "cloudinary/cloudinary_php": "^1.1",
        "guzzlehttp/guzzle": "~6.0",
        "squizlabs/php_codesniffer": "^2.3",
        "doctrine/dbal": "^2.5"
    },
    "require-dev": {
        "fzaninotto/faker": "^1.5",
        "mockery/mockery": "0.9.*",
        "phpunit/phpunit": "~4.0",
        "phpspec/phpspec": "~2.1",
        "codeclimate/php-test-reporter": "dev-master"
    },
    "autoload": {
        "classmap": [
            "database"
        ],
        "psr-4": {
            "App\\": "app/"
        }
    },
    "autoload-dev": {
        "classmap": [
            "tests/TestCase.php"
        ]
    },
    "scripts": {
        "post-install-cmd": [
            "php artisan clear-compiled",
            "php artisan optimize"
        ],
        "pre-update-cmd": [
            "php artisan clear-compiled"
        ],
        "post-update-cmd": [
            "php artisan optimize"
        ],
        "post-root-package-install": [
            "php -r \"copy('.env.example', '.env');\""
        ],
        "post-create-project-cmd": [
            "php artisan key:generate"
        ]
    },
    "config": {
        "preferred-install": "dist"
    }
}
这样

不同的值键对的含义看文档即可

主要的是require 指定依赖哪些包

curl安装好composer 

原本是运行 php composer.phar +命令 运行

将composer.phar 移动到$PATH 重命名为composer

之后就可以composer运行了

install 命令将会检查锁文件是否存在，如果存在，它将下载指定的版本（忽略 composer.json 文件中的定义）。

 这意味着，任何人建立项目都将下载与指定版本完全相同的依赖。

composer install安装当前项目需要的包

composer install之后 就会在当前类中安装需要的依赖