SpringMVC使用

SpringMVC

1.依赖

2.注解

 @RequestMapping("请求路径")
	属性：method设置请求方式
  @RequestMapping(value = "a",method = RequestMethod.GET)
 等同： @GetMapping
 @PathVariable("路径参数名")  --> 获取路径参数
 @RequestParam("请求参数名")  --> 获取请求参数
 @RequestBody   -->获取请求体数据，把前端json转换java对象
 @ResponseBody  -->将java对象转换为json数据发送给前端
 @RestController = @ResponseBody + @Controller 将整个类方法返回值全部为json
 @CookieValue("key")   -->接受Cookie值
 @RequestHeader("请求头key")  --> 获取请求头信息
 @CrossOrigin -->解决跨域问题
        
 ★：ModelAndView：
         Model model:存储域对象数据为request域
  ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();  
  mav.setViewName("welcome"); //返回的文件名  View 
 mav.addObject("message","hello kitty");  // 共享数据  Model
 
重定向和转发：
    "forward:xxxx" -->转发
    "redirect:xxx"  -->重定向
 
 RestFul:   增：/user   @PostMapper()
     		删:/user/1	@DeleteMapper()
     		改:/user		@PutMapper()
     		查：/user    @GetMapper() 

3.Web.xml

	<!-- 配置SpringMVC的前端控制器 -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<!-- 设置SpringMVC的配置文件的位置和名称 -->
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
	<!-- 配置Spring的监听器 -->
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>

	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>

4.扩展

1.异常处理器

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalException {
        /*
        * @RestControllerAdvice -->为返回Json数据的异常处理器对象
        * @ControllerAdvice     -->返回普通类型数据的异常处理器对象
        * @ExceptionHandler(ArithmeticException.class) -->处理的异常类型，字节型数组
        *
        * */

    @ExceptionHandler({ArithmeticException.class})
    public Result handlerException(){
        HashMap map = new HashMap();
        map.put("error","800");
        return Result.error("数学异常");
    }

}

2.拦截器

public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        Object user = session.getAttribute("user");
        if(user!=null){
            return true;
        }else {
            response.getWriter().write("请登录");
            return false;
        }
    }

}

    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/public/resource/*"/>
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/public/resource/login"/>
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/public/resource/one"/>
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/public/resource/two"/>
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/public/resource/three"/>
            <bean class="com.atguigu.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

3.校验

    <!-- 校验注解实现-->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate.validator/hibernate-validator -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
      <version>8.0.0.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate.validator/hibernate-validator-annotation-processor -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-validator-annotation-processor</artifactId>
      <version>8.0.0.Final</version>
    </dependency>

@Data
public class User {
    @Length(min = 2,max = 5)
    private String name;

    @Range(min = 18,max = 100)
    private Integer age;
    @Email
    private String email;

}
    @PostMapping("/user")
    public String getUser(@Validated @RequestBody User user, BindingResult result){
        System.out.println(user);
        if(result.hasErrors()){  //是否有误
            System.out.println(result.getErrorCount());  //有误数量
            System.out.println(result.getFieldError().toString());  //错误信息
        }
        return "success";
    }
//@Validated   BindingResult result

4.文件上传

    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.1</version>
    </dependency>

    @PostMapping("/upload/file")
    public String upload(@RequestParam("photo") MultipartFile multipartFile){
        //获取文件真实路径，硬盘存放路径
        String realPath = servletRequest.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
        //如果路径不存咋下载
        File file = new File(realPath);
        if(!file.exists()){
            file.mkdirs();
        }
        //获取上传文件名 xxx.xx
        String originalFilename = multipartFile.getOriginalFilename();
        //32位数UUID
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");
        //保存的路径 真实路径+uuid+上传文件名
        String savePath = realPath+ "/" +uuid+originalFilename;
        File saveFile = new File(savePath);
        try {
            //保存文件
            multipartFile.transferTo(saveFile);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        return "success";
    }

    <!--文件上传解析器-->
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
    </bean>

5.文件下载

    @GetMapping("/download")
    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> download() throws IOException {
        //文件存放的路径
        String realPath = servletRequest.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload/");
        File file = new File(realPath+"08f0c2f974914b6abea451ceebb1d922微信图片_20211123210023.jpg");
       //以字节数组进行读取，字节数组大小为文件大小
        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);
        byte[] body = new byte[is.available()];;
        is.read(body);
        //将文件名称转换为UTF-8格式防止乱码
        String encode = URLEncoder.encode(file.getName(), "UTF-8");
        
        /*
        * ResponseEntity:
        *     参数一，读到的文件  byte[]
        *     参数二：请求头参数  HttpHeaders
        *     参数三：响应码  HttpStatus
        * */
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.add("Content-Disposition", "attchement;filename=" + encode);
        HttpStatus statusCode = HttpStatus.OK;
        ResponseEntity<byte[]> entity = new ResponseEntity<byte[]>(body, headers, statusCode);
        return entity;
    }

6.DispatcherServlet运行流程

1.前端请求先到DispatcherServlet,然后去寻找对应的handler，如果未配置<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>，未找到路径，则404，如果未配置，则404并且控制台报错No mapping found for http request with url
2.前端控制器匹配到合适headler,使用handlerMapping处理器根据xml配置，注解进行查找，找到具体的处理器，然后返回给DispatcherServlet
3.调用preHandle方法，然后通过handlerAdapter处理器将请求携带数据交给Controller，如果存在异常
则会执行handlerExceptionResolver，返回异常信息的ModelAndView如果无异常后端进行业务逻辑处理，最后返回ModelAndView
4.调用拦截器的postHandler方法
5.handlerAdapter将ModelAndView交给DispatcherServlet
6.DispatcherServlet通过具体的视图解析器ViewReslover，进行渲染,调用拦截器的afterCompletion方法
7.返回DispatcherServlet，最后响应用户