My understanding on CGI and enab…

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-25 23:31:48 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-10-25 23:31:48 发布

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My understanding on CGI and how to support it in http server
- Ba Jian, 2008-12-30

CGI, the acronym of "common gatway interface", can be used by http server to extend
its ability for more active contents. Usually, an exe file or a script file can be
called by http server to provide dynamic web page. Hense, almost all compiling languages
can be used to write CGI application. And almost all script languages can be used to write
CGI applications.

The interface between CGI exe ( or script) file can be depicted as:

1) webpage specified cgi executable ( or script) file,or you can directly specify it
in url, like: http://my_server_name/cgi-bin/helloworld.exe

for example, webpage: http://computer.bowenwang.com.cn/simpleform.htm
if you checked the source code, you can find:

      <html>
        <body>
           <h1>A super-simple form</h1>
           <FORM METHOD=GET action="../cgi-bin/simpleform.cgi">
              Enter Your Name: <input name="Name" size=20 maxlength=50>
              <P><INPUT TYPE=submit value="Submit"> <INPUT TYPE=reset value="Reset">
           </FORM>
        </body>
      </html>

Where:
1.1) "<FORM METHOD=GET .." means submitted information will be directly encoded
in http url, and post to http server
1.2) "<FORM METHOD=GET action="../cgi-bin/simpleform.cgi">
It specified CGI executable file: simpleform.cgi in ../cgi-bin/
Usually, cgi executable files are stored in ~/cgi-bin/ under home dir of http server
1.3) <INPUT TYPE=submit value = "submit_me">, means a button will submit form data to http
server if you press it, and the button is with text "submit_me"
<INPUT TYPE=reset value="reset_me">, means a button will clear data in form if you press
it, and the button is with text "reset_me"

This is pure http knowledge, please refer to:
http://www.blabla.cn/z/w3c_html401/cover.html
HTML教程：http://www.blabla.cn/html_tutorials/all_index.html

2) Data transfer: from web-browser to http server

As mentioned in point 1, all web browser following W3C http specification will put form data
in http url(if METHOD=GET), and all web browser following W3C http specification will put
form data in http body if METHOD=POST.

For example, if you input "ba_jian_ni_hao_a" in the form presented by
http://computer.bowenwang.com.cn/simpleform.htm
The final url posted to http server will be:
http://computer.bowenwang.com.cn/cgi-bin/ simpleform.cgi? Name=ba_jian_ni_hao_a
The general format can be written as:
http://http_server/cgi-bin/cgi_exe?name1=value1&name2=value2&name3=value3&name4=value4&...
Where,
name1=value1, name2=value2, name3=value3,name4=value4
"?" is used to link cgi executable file and parameters
"&" is used to link different parameters
"%" means there are binary data after it

3) Data transfer: from http server to cgi executeable file

CGI executable file can use STDIN to get coressponding parameters.
Suppose c/C++ language is used, getchar() can be used to get paramters.

By the way, special characters such as blank characters is encoded using %xx. "+"
is encoded as ' '.

4) Data transfer: from cgi executable file to http server
Suppose C/C++ is used, printf() can be used to write output string.
Http server can intercept STDOUT of CGI executable application using solution like pipe.
Then all output of CGI executable file can be intercepted by http server.

5) Data transfer: from http server to web-browser (client)
Since http server can directly intercept CGI output, it can be simply forward
to http client through http channel.

In conclusion, to write a simple http server which just supports static webpage
is quite simple, the http server just need map http request to local file.
In general, two days should be enough. To let your simple http server support CGI
is still simple, you just need to create communication channel between http
server and CGI executable files,and use http server to intercept output of
CGI executable file and forward to http client - web browser.

Actually, the principles of ASP/JSP/PHP are quite similar to CGI.The difference
is CGI executable file is run by OS, so you may find there are many many instance of
active processes of your cgi execuable file. However ASP/JSP/PHP is interpreted by engine
in http server.

====================================================================================================
References:
http://blog.ligj.eol.cn/115#
http://blog.csdn.net/ahcen001/archive/2006/08/31/1147618.aspx
http://initiative.yo2.cn/archives/360673
http://cn.blurtit.com/q420414.html
http://bloggermap.org/rss/readblog/5308
http://computer.bowenwang.com.cn/cgi4.htm

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My understanding on CGI and enab…

My understanding on CGI and how tosupport it in http server - Ba Jian, 2008-12-30CGI, the acronym of "commongatway interface", can be used by http server to extendits ability for more activ
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