同步屏障CyclicBarrier
CyclicBarrier 的字面意思是可循环使用(Cyclic)的屏障(Barrier)。它要做的事情是,让一组线程到达一个屏障(也可以叫同步点)时被阻塞,直到最后一个线程到达屏障时,屏障才会开门,所有被屏障拦截的线程才会继续干活。CyclicBarrier默认的构造方法是CyclicBarrier(int parties),其参数表示屏障拦截的线程数量,每个线程调用await方法告诉CyclicBarrier我已经到达了屏障,然后当前线程被阻塞。
public class Test {
private static final int THREAD_NUM = 5;
public static class WorkerThread implements Runnable {
CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier;
private WorkerThread(CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier) {
this.cyclicBarrier = cyclicBarrier;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println("Worker's waiting");
cyclicBarrier.await();
System.out.println("ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + " Working");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(THREAD_NUM, () -> System.out.println("Inside Barrier"));
for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_NUM; i++) {
pool.execute(new WorkerThread(cyclicBarrier));
}
pool.shutdown();
}
}
/*
以下是输出:
Worker's waiting
Worker's waiting
Worker's waiting
Worker's waiting
Worker's waiting
Inside Barrier
ID:15 Working
ID:12 Working
ID:13 Working
ID:11 Working
ID:14 Working
*/
CountDownLatch
CountDownLatch 允许一个或多个线程等待其他线程完成操作。
public class Test {
static CountDownLatch c = new CountDownLatch(2);
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println(1);
c.countDown();
System.out.println(2);
c.countDown();
}).start();
try {
c.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("3");
}
}
Semaphore
Semaphore(信号量)是用来控制同时访问特定资源的线程数量,它通过协调各个线程,以保证合理的使用公共资源。很多年以来,我都觉得从字面上很难理解Semaphore所表达的含义,只能把它比作是控制流量的红绿灯,比如XX马路要限制流量,只允许同时有一百辆车在这条路上行使,其他的都必须在路口等待,所以前一百辆车会看到绿灯,可以开进这条马路,后面的车会看到红灯,不能驶入XX马路,但是如果前一百辆中有五辆车已经离开了XX马路,那么后面就允许有5辆车驶入马路,这个例子里说的车就是线程,驶入马路就表示线程在执行,离开马路就表示线程执行完成,看见红灯就表示线程被阻塞,不能执行。
public class Test {
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 30;
private static ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(THREAD_COUNT);
private static Semaphore s = new Semaphore(10);
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_COUNT; i++) {
threadPool.execute(() -> {
try {
s.acquire();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("save data");
s.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
threadPool.shutdown();
}
}
Exchanger
Exchanger(交换者)是一个用于线程间协作的工具类。Exchanger用于进行线程间的数据交换。它提供一个同步点,在这个同步点两个线程可以交换彼此的数据。这两个线程通过exchange方法交换数据, 如果第一个线程先执行exchange方法,它会一直等待第二个线程也执行exchange,当两个线程都到达同步点时,这两个线程就可以交换数据,将本线程生产出来的数据传递给对方。
public class Test {
private static final Exchanger<String> exgr = new Exchanger<String>();
private static ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
public static void main(String[] args) {
threadPool.execute(()->{
try {
String A = "银行流水A";// A录入银行流水数据
String B = exgr.exchange(A);
System.out.println(B);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
threadPool.execute(()->{
try {
String B = "银行流水B";// B录入银行流水数据
String A = exgr.exchange("B");
System.out.println("A和B数据是否一致:" + A.equals(B) + ",A录入的是:" + A + ",B录入是:" + B);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
}