抽象工厂模式

抽象工厂模式：为一组相关或者相互依赖的对象提供一个接口，而且无需指定他们的具体类。

工厂方法模式：定义一个用于创建对象的接口，让子类决定实例化哪一个类。

用了工厂方法模式的数据访问程序

User.java用户类（只有ID和Name两个字段）

public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

}

IUser.java-用于对User进行操作的通用接口

public interface IUser {

    void insert(User user);

    User getUser(int id);

}

AccessUser.java-对数据库操作的具体实现

public class AccessUser implements IUser{
    @Override
    public void insert(User user) {
        System.out.println("在Access中给User表增加一条记录");
    }

    @Override
    public User getUser(int id) {
        System.out.println("在Access中根据ID获取User表中的一条记录");
        return null;
    }
}

SqlServerUser.java-对数据库操作的具体实现

public class SqlServerUser implements IUser{
    @Override
    public void insert(User user) {
        System.out.println("在SQL Server中给User表增加一条记录");
    }

    @Override
    public User getUser(int id) {
        System.out.println("在SQL Server中根据ID获取User表中的一条记录");
        return null;
    }
}

IFactory.java-用于创建访问user表的对象

public interface IFactory {

    IUser createUser();

}

sqlServerFactory.java-实现IFactory接口，创建sqlServerUser对象

public class SqlServerFactory implements IFactory{

    @Override
    public IUser createUser() {
        return new SqlServerUser();
    }

}

AccessFactory.java-实现IFactory接口，创建AccessUser对象

public class AccessFactory implements IFactory{

    @Override
    public IUser createUser() {
        return new AccessUser();
    }

}

测试

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User user = new User();
        SqlServerFactory sqlServerFactory = new SqlServerFactory();
        IUser createUser = sqlServerFactory.createUser();
        createUser.insert(user);
        createUser.getUser(1);
    }

}

输出

改进（去除IFactory、SqlServerFactory、AccessFactory三个工厂，取而代之DataAccess类，用一个简单工厂模式实现）

DataAccess.java

public class DataAccess {

    private static final String db="SqlServer";
//  private static final String db="Access";

    public static IUser createUser(){
        IUser result=null;
        switch(db){
        case "SqlServer":result=new SqlServerUser(); break;
        case "Access":result=new AccessUser();break;
        }
        return result;
    }

    public static IDepartment createDepartment(){
        IDepartment result=null;
        switch(db){
        case "SqlServer":result=new SqlServerDepartment(); break;
        case "Access":result=new AccessDepartment();break;
        }
        return result;
    }

}

测试

public class Test2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User user = new User();
        Department department = new Department();
        IUser iu = DataAccess.createUser();
        IDepartment id = DataAccess.createDepartment();

        iu.insert(user);
        iu.getUser(1);

        id.insert(department);
        id.getUser(1);
    }
}

用反射+抽象工厂进行数据访问

通过反射实现程序由编译时创建对象变为运行时创建对象，通过字符串来实例化对象。
DataAccessR类利用反射技术，取代IFactory、SqlServerFactory、AccessFactory三个工厂

DataAccessR.java

public class DataAccessR {

    private static final String commonPackageName="zx.abstractfactory.test2";
    private static final String db="sqlserver";

    public static IUser createUser() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException{
        String className=commonPackageName+"."+db+".SqlServerUser";
        System.out.println("SqlServerUser的全路径名 "+className);
        IUser sqlServerUser=(SqlServerUser)Class.forName(className).newInstance();
        return sqlServerUser;
    }

    public static IDepartment createDepartment() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException{
        String className=commonPackageName+"."+db+".SqlServerDepartment";
        System.out.println("SqlServerDepartment的全路径名 "+className);
        IDepartment sqlServerDepartment=(SqlServerDepartment)Class.forName(className).newInstance();
        return sqlServerDepartment;

    }
}

测试

public class TestR {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {
        User user = new User();
        Department department = new Department();
        IUser createUser = DataAccessR.createUser();
        IDepartment createDepartment = DataAccessR.createDepartment();

        createUser.insert(user);
        createUser.getUser(1);

        createDepartment.insert(department);
        createDepartment.getUser(1);

        System.out.println("testR");
    }
}

输出