线程池
线程池:三大方式、七大参数、四种拒绝策略
池化技术
程序的运行,本质:占用系统的资源!我们需要去优化资源的使用 ===> 池化技术
线程池、JDBC的连接池、内存池、对象池 等等。。。。
资源的创建、销毁十分消耗资源
池化技术:事先准备好一些资源,如果有人要用,就来我这里拿,用完之后还给我,以此来提高效率。
(1)线程池的好处:
1、降低资源的消耗;
2、提高响应的速度;
3、方便管理;
线程复用、可以控制最大并发数、管理线程
(2)线程池:三大方法
- ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();//单个线程
- ExecutorService threadPool2 = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); //创建一个固定的线程池的大小
- ExecutorService threadPool3 = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); //可伸缩的
//工具类 Executors 三大方法;
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();//单个线程
ExecutorService threadPool2 = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); //创建一个固定的线程池的大小
ExecutorService threadPool3 = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); //可伸缩的
//线程池用完必须要关闭线程池
try {
for (int i = 1; i <=100 ; i++) {
//通过线程池创建线程
threadPool.execute(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " ok");
});
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
threadPool.shutdown();
}
}
}
(3)七大参数
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,//21亿--> OOM
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
//----------->ThreadPoolExecutor
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, //核心线程池大小
int maximumPoolSize, //最大的线程池大小
long keepAliveTime, //超时了没有人调用就会释放
TimeUnit unit, //超时单位
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, //阻塞队列
ThreadFactory threadFactory, //线程工厂 创建线程的 一般不用动
RejectedExecutionHandler handler //拒绝策略
) {
if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
keepAliveTime < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
this.workQueue = workQueue;
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
this.handler = handler;
}
阿里巴巴的Java操作手册中明确说明:对于Integer.MAX_VALUE初始值较大,所以一般情况我们要使用底层的ThreadPoolExecutor来创建线程池。
public class PollDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 获取cpu 的核数
int max = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
ExecutorService service =new ThreadPoolExecutor(
2,
max,
3,
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(3),
Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),
new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()
);
try {
//最大承载:Deque + max
//超过就抛出异常:RejectedExecutionException
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
service.execute(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "ok");
});
}
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally {
service.shutdown();
}
}
}
(4)拒绝策略
1. new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy(): //该拒绝策略为:银行满了,还有人进来,不处理这个人的,抛出异常
超出最大承载,就会抛出异常:队列容量大小+maxPoolSize
2. new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy(): //该拒绝策略为:哪来的去哪里 main线程进行处理
3. new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy(): //该拒绝策略为:队列满了,丢掉异常,不会抛出异常。
4. new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy(): //该拒绝策略为:队列满了,尝试去和最早的进程竞争,不会抛出异常
(5)如何设置线程池的大小
1、CPU密集型:电脑的核数是几核就选择几;选择maximunPoolSize的大小
// 获取cpu 的核数:
int max = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
ExecutorService service =new ThreadPoolExecutor(
2,
max,
3,
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(3),
Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),
new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()
);
2、I/O密集型:
在程序中有15个大型任务,io 十分占用资源;I/O密集型就是判断我们程序中十分耗I/O的线程数量,大约是最大I/O数的一倍到两倍之间。