java设计模式之备忘录模式

一、定义与类型:

》定义：保存一个对象 的某个状态，以便在适当的时候恢复对象

》后悔药

》类型：行为型；

二、适用场景：

》保存及恢复数据相关业务场景；比如一个软件的保存撤退功能，主要用于工作流中。

》后悔的时候，即想恢复到之前的状态；

三、优点：

》为用户提供一种可恢复机制；

》存档消息的封装；

四、缺点：

》资源占用；

五、相关设计模式：

》备忘录模式和状态模式：备忘录模式中是用实例来表示状态，存档的是一个类的对象。而状态模式中是用类来表示状态。

六、代码实践：

以网站上写博客，编辑时更改 回退而进行的示例：

package pattern.behaviral.mamento;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2019/8/31.
 */
public class Article {
    private String title;
    private String content;
    private String imgs;

    public Article(String title, String content, String imgs) {
        this.title = title;
        this.content = content;
        this.imgs = imgs;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }

    public String getImgs() {
        return imgs;
    }

    public void setImgs(String imgs) {
        this.imgs = imgs;
    }
    public ArticleMemento saveToMemento(){
        ArticleMemento articleMemento = new ArticleMemento(this.title,this.content,this.imgs);
        return articleMemento;
    }
    public void undoFromMemento(ArticleMemento articleMemento){
        this.title = articleMemento.getTitle();
        this.content = articleMemento.getContent();
        this.imgs = articleMemento.getImgs();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Article{" +
                "title='" + title + '\'' +
                ", content='" + content + '\'' +
                ", imgs='" + imgs + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

package pattern.behaviral.mamento;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2019/8/31.
 */
public class ArticleMemento {
        private String title;
        private String content;
        private String imgs;

        public ArticleMemento(String title, String content, String imgs) {
            this.title = title;
            this.content = content;
            this.imgs = imgs;
        }

        public String getTitle() {
            return title;
        }

        public String getContent() {
            return content;
        }
        public String getImgs() {
            return imgs;
        }
}

package pattern.behaviral.mamento;

import java.util.Stack;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2019/8/31.
 */
public class ArticleMementoManager {
    private final Stack<ArticleMemento> ARTICLE_MEMENTO_STATE = new Stack<ArticleMemento>();

    public ArticleMemento getMemento(){
        ArticleMemento articleMemento = ARTICLE_MEMENTO_STATE.pop();
        return articleMemento;
    }
    public void addMemento(ArticleMemento articleMemento){
        ARTICLE_MEMENTO_STATE.push(articleMemento);
    }
}

package pattern.behaviral.mamento;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2019/8/31.
 */
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArticleMementoManager articleMementoManager = new ArticleMementoManager();
        Article article = new Article("如影随形的设计模式A","手记内容A","手记照片A");
        ArticleMemento articleMemento = article.saveToMemento();
        articleMementoManager.addMemento(articleMemento);
        System.out.println("标题："+article.getTitle()+"内容："+article.getContent()+"暂存成功");
        System.out.println("手记完整信息"+article.toString());
        System.out.println("修改手记start");
        article.setTitle("如影随形的设计模式B");
        article.setContent("手记内容B");
        article.setImgs("手记内容B");

        System.out.println("修改手记end");
        System.out.println("手记完整信息："+article);
        articleMemento =article.saveToMemento();
        articleMementoManager.addMemento(articleMemento);

        article.setTitle("如影随形的设计模式C");
        article.setContent("手记内容C");
        article.setImgs("手记内容C");

        System.out.println("暂存回退start");
        System.out.println("回退出栈1次");
        articleMemento = articleMementoManager.getMemento();
        article.undoFromMemento(articleMemento);

        System.out.println("回退出栈2次");
        articleMemento = articleMementoManager.getMemento();
        article.undoFromMemento(articleMemento);

        System.out.println("暂存回退end");
        System.out.println("手记完整信息："+article);
    }
}

"D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\bin\java" "-javaagent:D:\InteliijIDea\IntelliJ IDEA 2017.1.4\lib\idea_rt.jar=63071:D:\InteliijIDea\IntelliJ IDEA 2017.1.4\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\deploy.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\javaws.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\jce.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\jfr.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\jsse.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\plugin.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\resources.jar;D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\jre\lib\rt.jar;E:\JavaDesignMode\target\classes" pattern.behaviral.mamento.Test
标题：如影随形的设计模式A内容：手记内容A暂存成功
手记完整信息Article{title='如影随形的设计模式A', content='手记内容A', imgs='手记照片A'}
修改手记start
修改手记end
手记完整信息：Article{title='如影随形的设计模式B', content='手记内容B', imgs='手记内容B'}
暂存回退start
回退出栈1次
回退出栈2次
暂存回退end
手记完整信息：Article{title='如影随形的设计模式A', content='手记内容A', imgs='手记照片A'}

Process finished with exit code 0

七、源码解读：

备忘录模式使用场景主要集中在wps 等常用工具软件的撤销功能，即工作流中使用

spring-webflow 包中有体现：

webflow-binding   MessageContext 类  StateManageableMessageContext 类  中createMessageMamento（）方法。

根据如上信息可进行自行查找。