1.可以解决连接问题,时间复杂度近似为O(n)
2.支持的操作
unionElements(p, q); //将集合p、q归并
find(p); //查找p属于哪个集合
isConnected(p,q); //判断元素p和元素q是否所属一个集合
3.实现1(quick find)
数组中存储的是哪个集合
class UnionFind {
private:
int *id;
int count;
public:
UnionFind(int n) {
count = n;
id = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
id[i] = i;
}
~UnionFind() {
delete[] id;
}
int find(int p) {
assert(p >= 0 && p < count);
return id[p];
}
bool isConnected(int p, int q) {
return find(p) == find(q);
}
void unionElements(int p, int q) {
int pID = find(p);
int qID = find(q);
if (pID == qID)
return;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
if (id[i] == pID)
id[i] = qID;
}
};
4.实现2(quick union)
数组中存储的父节点的下标
class UnionFind{
private:
int* parent;
int count;
public:
UnionFind(int count){
parent = new int[count];
this->count = count;
for( int i = 0 ; i < count ; i ++ )
parent[i] = i;
}
~UnionFind(){
delete[] parent;
}
int find(int p){
assert( p >= 0 && p < count );
while( p != parent[p] )
p = parent[p];
return p;
}
bool isConnected( int p , int q ){
return find(p) == find(q);
}
void unionElements(int p, int q){
int pRoot = find(p);
int qRoot = find(q);
if( pRoot == qRoot )
return;
parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
}
};
优化:unionElements函数
方式1:将节点少的根指向节点多的根
class UnionFind{
private:
int* parent;
int* sz;
int count;
public:
UnionFind(int count){
parent = new int[count];
sz = new int[count];
this->count = count;
for( int i = 0 ; i < count ; i ++ ){
parent[i] = i;
sz[i] = 1;
}
}
~UnionFind(){
delete[] parent;
delete[] sz;
}
int find(int p){
assert( p >= 0 && p < count );
while( p != parent[p] )
p = parent[p];
return p;
}
bool isConnected( int p , int q ){
return find(p) == find(q);
}
void unionElements(int p, int q){
int pRoot = find(p);
int qRoot = find(q);
if( pRoot == qRoot )
return;
if( sz[pRoot] < sz[qRoot] ){
parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
sz[qRoot] += sz[pRoot];
}
else{
parent[qRoot] = pRoot;
sz[pRoot] += sz[qRoot];
}
}
};
方式2:考虑层级
class UnionFind{
private:
int* rank;
int* parent;
int count;
public:
UnionFind(int count){
parent = new int[count];
rank = new int[count];
this->count = count;
for( int i = 0 ; i < count ; i ++ ){
parent[i] = i;
rank[i] = 1;
}
}
~UnionFind(){
delete[] parent;
delete[] rank;
}
int find(int p){
assert( p >= 0 && p < count );
while( p != parent[p] )
p = parent[p];
return p;
}
bool isConnected( int p , int q ){
return find(p) == find(q);
}
void unionElements(int p, int q){
int pRoot = find(p);
int qRoot = find(q);
if( pRoot == qRoot )
return;
if( rank[pRoot] < rank[qRoot] ){
parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
}
else if( rank[qRoot] < rank[pRoot]){
parent[qRoot] = pRoot;
}
else{
parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
rank[qRoot] += 1;
}
}
};
优化:find函数(路径压缩)
class UnionFind{
private:
int* rank;
int* parent;
int count;
public:
UnionFind(int count){
parent = new int[count];
rank = new int[count];
this->count = count;
for( int i = 0 ; i < count ; i ++ ){
parent[i] = i;
rank[i] = 1;
}
}
~UnionFind(){
delete[] parent;
delete[] rank;
}
int find(int p){
assert( p >= 0 && p < count );
while( p != parent[p] ){
parent[p] = parent[parent[p]];
p = parent[p];
}
return p;
}
bool isConnected( int p , int q ){
return find(p) == find(q);
}
void unionElements(int p, int q){
int pRoot = find(p);
int qRoot = find(q);
if( pRoot == qRoot )
return;
if( rank[pRoot] < rank[qRoot] ){
parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
}
else if( rank[qRoot] < rank[pRoot]){
parent[qRoot] = pRoot;
}
else{
parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
rank[qRoot] += 1;
}
}
//最优情况(path compression 2, 递归算法)