fread与fwrite实现文件的拷贝

一、函数

size_t fread(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream);

功能：从stream文件中读取nmemb项数据存到ptr，每一项数据size大小

返回：读取成功的完整项数，读到EOF或失败返回0

注意：size使用单位字节大小



size_t fwrite(const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *st);

功能：将ptr里的数据写nmemb项到stream文件中,每项size大小

返回：写入成功的完整项数

 

 

二、测试源码

 

#include <stdio.h>

#define N 32

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
	if(argc < 3)
	{
		printf("argument is too less\n");
		return -1;
	}

	FILE *fp_r = fopen(argv[1], "r");
	if(fp_r == NULL)
	{
		printf("fp_r fopen error\n");
		return -1;
	}

	FILE *fp_w = fopen(argv[2], "w");
	if(fp_w == NULL)
	{
		printf("fp_w fopen error\n");
		return -1;
	}
	char buf[N];
	int ret = 0;

	while((ret = fread(buf, 1, N, fp_r)) != 0)
	{
		fwrite(buf, 1, ret, fp_w);
	}

	printf("copy ok\n");
	fclose(fp_r);
	fclose(fp_w);
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define  SIZE 1024 * 4 //每次读写4k数据

void menu()
{
	printf("================================\n");
	printf("1 拷贝文件\n");
	printf("2 清屏\n");
	printf("3 退出\n");
	printf("================================\n");
}

void myCopy()
{
	char rPath[256]; //源文件
	char wPath[256]; //目的文件
	FILE *rFp = NULL;
	FILE *wFp = NULL;
	char buf[SIZE] = { 0 }; 
	int n = 0;

	printf("请输入源文件：");
	scanf("%s", rPath);

	printf("请输入目的文件：");
	scanf("%s", wPath);

	if (strcmp(rPath, wPath) == 0)
	{
		printf("源文件和目的文件不能相同\n");
		return;
	}

	//只读方式打开源文件
	rFp = fopen(rPath, "rb");
	if (rFp == NULL)
	{
		perror("fopen rPath");
		return;
	}

	//只写方式打开目的文件
	wFp = fopen(wPath, "wb");
	if (wFp == NULL)
	{
		fclose(rFp);
		perror("fopen wFp");
		return;
	}

	do 
	{
		n = 0;
		//读多少，写多少
		n = fread(buf, sizeof(char), SIZE, rFp);
		printf("拷贝：%d\n", n);
		fwrite(buf, sizeof(char), n, wFp);

	} while (n > 0);
	printf("拷贝完成\n\n");

	fclose(rFp);
	fclose(wFp);
}

int main()
{
	

	int cmd;

	while (1)
	{
		menu();
		printf("cmd: ");
		scanf("%d", &cmd);

		switch (cmd)
		{
		case 1:
			myCopy();
			break;
		case 2:
			system("clear");
			break;
		default:
			exit(0);
		}
	}
    
	return 0;
}

 

三、测试结果

 

 

 

四、关键代码分析

 

while((ret = fread(buf, 1, N, fp_r)) != 0)
	{
		fwrite(buf, 1, ret, fp_w);
	}

当返回值不是0时，将每次读取到的数据块通过buf拷贝至待拷贝的文件中，直到读到文件的末尾。

 

#define  _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>


//直接把内存数据 写入到 文件中
typedef struct Teacher
{
	char name[64];
	int age ;
}Teacher;

int my_fwrite(void)
{
	int i = 0;
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	char *fileName = "./a.data";
	Teacher tArray[3];
	int  myN = 0;

	for (i=0; i<3; i++)
	{
		sprintf(tArray[i].name, "%d%d%d", i+1, i+1, i+1);
		tArray[i].age = i + 31;
	}

	fp = fopen(fileName, "wb");
	if (fp == NULL)
	{
		printf("建立文件失败\n");
		return -1;
	}
	for (i=0; i<3; i++)
	{
		myN = fwrite( &tArray[i],sizeof(Teacher) , 1, fp);

	}

	if (fp != NULL)
	{
		fclose(fp);
	}

    return 0;
}

 int my_fread(void)
{
	int i = 0;
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	char *fileName = "./a.data";
	Teacher tArray[3];
	int  myN = 0;

	fp = fopen(fileName, "rb");
	if (fp == NULL)
	{
		printf("建立文件失败\n");
		return -1;
	}
	for (i=0; i<3; i++)
	{
		myN  = fread(&tArray[i], sizeof(Teacher), 1, fp);
	}

	for (i=0; i<3; i++)
	{
		printf("name:%s, age:%d \n", tArray[i].name, tArray[i].age);
	}

	if (fp != NULL)
	{
		fclose(fp);
	}

    return 0;
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv [])
{
	my_fwrite();
    
	my_fread();

    return 0;
}