ansible使用7--系统类模块

系统类模块

cron模块

远程管理主机的计划任务，相当于crontab命令

服务脚本名称：/etc/init.d/crond
主要设置文件
全局配置文件，位于文件：/etc/crontab
系统默认的设置，位于目录：/etc/cron.*/
用户定义的设置，位于文件：/var/spool/cron/用户名

5 1 * * * echo test 每天1点5分

1 1 */3 * * echo test 每3天1点1分

@reboot echo test 每次系统重启

@hourly echo test 每小时执行一次

[centos@self1-centos7-2 ~]$ ansible-doc -s cron
- name: Manage cron.d and crontab entries
  cron:
      backup:                #修改计划任务时先备份. The location of the backup is returned in the `backup_file'
                               variable by this module.
      cron_file:             # If specified, uses this file instead of an individual user's crontab. If this is a relative path, it is interpreted with
                               respect to `/etc/cron.d'. If it is absolute, it will typically be `/etc/crontab'. Many
                               linux distros expect (and some require) the filename portion to consist solely of upper-
                               and lower-case letters, digits, underscores, and hyphens. To use the `cron_file' parameter
                               you must specify the `user' as well.
      day:                   # 天设定 ( 1-31, *, */2, etc )
      disabled:              # 让计划任务失效，要同job和时间一起，与已存在的进行对应. Only has effect if `state=present'.
      env:                   # If set, manages a crontab's environment variable. New variables are added on top of crontab. `name' and `value'
                               parameters are the name and the value of environment variable.
      hour:                  # 小时设定值 ( 0-23, *, */2, etc )
      insertafter:           # Used with `state=present' and `env'. If specified, the environment variable will be inserted after the declaration of
                               specified environment variable.
      insertbefore:          # Used with `state=present' and `env'. If specified, the environment variable will be inserted before the declaration of
                               specified environment variable.
      job:                   # 要执行的命令, if env is set, the value of environment variable. The command should not contain line breaks.
                               Required if `state=present'.
      minute:                # 分钟设定值( 0-59, *, */2, etc )
      month:                 # 月设定值 ( 1-12, *, */2, etc )
      name:                  # 计划任务的名称，在一台机器中，名字应该唯一 Required if `state=absent'. Note that
                               if name is not set and `state=present', then a new crontab entry will always be created,
                               regardless of existing ones. This parameter will always be required in future releases.
      reboot:                # If the job should be run at reboot. This option is deprecated. Users should use special_time.
      special_time:          # 特殊设定值.@reboot @hourly @yearly=@annually @monthly @weekly @daily 
      state:                 # 根据名称修改或删除计划任务 is present or absent.
      user:                  # 设定当前计划任务属于哪个用户. When unset, this parameter defaults to using `root'.
      weekday:               # 周设定值 ( 0-6 for Sunday-Saturday, *, etc )

示例：

[root@self1-centos7-2 18:38:49 ~]#ansible self1-1 -m cron -a 'name="crontab 3day" minute=1 hour=1 day=*/3 job="echo test"'
self1-1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "crontab 3day"
    ]
}

[root@self1-centos7-2 18:38:58 ~]#ansible self1-1 -m cron -a 'name="crontab special" special_time=reboot job="echo test"'                               
self1-1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "crontab 3day", 
        "crontab special"
    ]
}

		[root@self1-centos7-3 cron]# cat root
		#Ansible: crontab 3day
		1 1 */3 * * echo test
		#Ansible: crontab special
		@reboot echo test

修改：

[root@self1-centos7-2 18:40:16 ~]#ansible self1-1 -m cron -a 'name="crontab special" special_time=hourly job="echo test" backup=yes'
self1-1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "backup_file": "/tmp/crontabKCZwL6", 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "crontab 3day", 
        "crontab special"
    ]
}

删除：

[root@self1-centos7-2 18:44:56 ~]#ansible self1-1 -m cron -a 'name="crontab special" state=absent backup=yes'                                  
self1-1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "backup_file": "/tmp/crontabsDiAZe", 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "crontab 3day"  //这里少了一行
    ]
}

指定用户

[root@self1-centos7-2 18:46:46 ~]#ansible self1-1 -m cron -a 'user=centos name="crontab special" special_time=hourly job="echo test" backup=yes'   
self1-1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "backup_file": "/tmp/crontabuxSdxt", 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "crontab special"
    ]
}

注释任务

[root@self1-centos7-2 18:57:39 ~]#ansible self1-1 -m cron -a "user=centos name='crontab special' special_time=hourly job='echo test' disabled=yes backup=yes state=present"
self1-1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "backup_file": "/tmp/crontabxmhO1A", 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "crontab special"
    ]
}

service模块

管理主机上的服务，比如启动停止远程主机中的nginx服务
这个服务必须能被BSD init ，OpenRC， SysV（centos6） Solaris SMF， systemd（centos7） upstart（C5）中任一管理

[root@self1-centos7-2 19:01:00 ~]#ansible-doc -s service
- name: Manage services
  service:
      arguments:             # Additional arguments provided on the command line.
      enabled:               # 是否设置为开机启动
      name:                  # (required) Name of the service.比如nginx
      pattern:               # If the service does not respond to the status command, name a substring to look for as would be found in the output of
                               the `ps' command as a stand-in for a status result. If the string is found, the service
                               will be assumed to be started.
      runlevel:              # For OpenRC init scripts (e.g. Gentoo) only. The runlevel that this service belongs to.
      sleep:                 # If the service is being `restarted' then sleep this many seconds between the stop and start command. This helps to work
                               around badly-behaving init scripts that exit immediately after signaling a process to
                               stop. Not all service managers support sleep, i.e when using systemd this setting will be
                               ignored.
      state:                 # `started'/`stopped'  `restarted' `reloaded' 服务的状态
      use:                   # The service module actually uses system specific modules, normally through auto detection, this setting can force a
                               specific module. Normally it uses the value of the 'ansible_service_mgr' fact and falls
                               back to the old 'service' module when none matching is found.

示例：

[root@self1-centos7-2 19:05:45 ~]#ansible self1-1 -m service -a "name=nginx state=started"
[root@self1-centos7-2 19:05:45 ~]#ansible self1-1 -m service -a "name=nginx state=stoped"
[root@self1-centos7-2 19:05:45 ~]#ansible self1-1 -m service -a "name=nginx enabled=yes"