MVC模式(Model-View-Controller)是软件工程中的一种软件架构模式,把软件系统分为三个基本部分:模型(Model),视图(View)和控制器(Controller).通过分层使开发的软件结构更清晰,从而达到开发效率的提高,可维护性和扩展性得到提高.Spring提供的MVC框架是在J2EE Web开发中对MVC模式的一个实现,本文通过实例讲解一下Spring MVC 的使用.
先来看一个HTTP request在Spring的MVC框架是怎么被处理的:(图片来源于Spring in Action)
1,DispatcherServlet是Spring MVC的核心,它的本质是一个实现了J2EE标准中定义的HttpServlet,通过在web.xml配置<servlet-mapping>,来实现对request的监听.
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>springTestServlet</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>springTestServlet</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
2,3,当接受到request的时候,DispatcherServlet根据HandlerMapping的配置(HandlerMapping的配置文件默认根据<servlet-name>的值来决定,这里会读取springTestServlet-servlet.xml来获得HandlerMapping的配置信息),调用相应的Controller来对request进行业务处理.
- <bean id="simpleUrlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
- <property name="mappings">
- <props>
- <prop key="/login.do">loginController</prop>
- </props>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="loginController" class="com.test.spring.mvc.contoller.LoginController">
- <property name="sessionForm">
- <value>true</value>
- </property>
- <property name="commandName">
- <value>loginCommand</value>
- </property>
- <property name="commandClass">
- <value>com.test.spring.mvc.commands.LoginCommand</value>
- </property>
- <property name="authenticationService">
- <ref bean="authenticationService"/>
- </property>
- <property name="formView">
- <value>login</value>
- </property>
- <property name="successView">
- <value>loginDetail</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
4,Controller进行业务处理之后,返回一个ModelAndView对象.
- return new ModelAndView(getSuccessView(),"loginDetail",loginDetail);
- <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
- <property name="viewClass">
- <value>org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView</value>
- </property>
- <property name="prefix">
- <value>/jsp/</value>
- </property>
- <property name="suffix">
- <value>.jsp</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
示例的完整代码如下:
1web.xml:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
- <display-name>
- prjSpring3</display-name>
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>springTestServlet</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>springTestServlet</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- <listener>
- <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
- <listener>
- <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>/WEB-INF/springTest-services.xml</param-value>
- </context-param>
- <jsp-config>
- <taglib>
- <taglib-uri>/spring</taglib-uri>
- <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/spring.tld</taglib-location>
- </taglib>
- </jsp-config>
- </web-app>
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
- <bean id="simpleUrlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
- <property name="mappings">
- <props>
- <prop key="/login.do">loginController</prop>
- </props>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="loginController" class="com.test.spring.mvc.contoller.LoginController">
- <property name="sessionForm">
- <value>true</value>
- </property>
- <property name="commandName">
- <value>loginCommand</value>
- </property>
- <property name="commandClass">
- <value>com.test.spring.mvc.commands.LoginCommand</value>
- </property>
- <property name="authenticationService">
- <ref bean="authenticationService"/>
- </property>
- <property name="formView">
- <value>login</value>
- </property>
- <property name="successView">
- <value>loginDetail</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
- <property name="viewClass">
- <value>org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView</value>
- </property>
- <property name="prefix">
- <value>/jsp/</value>
- </property>
- <property name="suffix">
- <value>.jsp</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- </beans>
<bean id="authenticationService" class="com.test.spring.mvc.services.AuthenticationService"/>
4,Java代码:
- public class LoginController extends SimpleFormController {
- org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet t;
- protected ModelAndView onSubmit(Object command) throws Exception{
- LoginCommand loginCommand = (LoginCommand) command;
- authenticationService.authenticate(loginCommand);
- LoginDetail loginDetail = authenticationService.getLoginDetail(loginCommand.getUserId());
- return new ModelAndView(getSuccessView(),"loginDetail",loginDetail);
- }
- private AuthenticationService authenticationService;
- public AuthenticationService getAuthenticationService() {
- return authenticationService;
- }
- public void setAuthenticationService(
- AuthenticationService authenticationService) {
- this.authenticationService = authenticationService;
- }
- ....
- public class LoginCommand {
- private String userId;
- private String password;
- ....
- public class LoginDetail {
- private String userName;
- public class AuthenticationService {
- public void authenticate(LoginCommand command) throws Exception{
- if(command.getUserId()!= null && command.getUserId().equalsIgnoreCase("test")
- && command.getPassword()!= null && command.getPassword().equalsIgnoreCase("test")){
- }else{
- throw new Exception("User id is not authenticated");
- }
- }
- public LoginDetail getLoginDetail(String userId){
- return new LoginDetail(userId);
- }
- }
- login.jsp:
- <html><head>
- <title>Login to Spring Test</title></head>
- <body>
- <h1>Please enter your userid and password.</h1>
- <form method="post" action="login.do">
- <table width="95%" bgcolor="f8f8ff" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
- <tr>
- <td alignment="right" width="20%">User id:</td>
- <td width="20%"><input type="text" name="userId" value="test"></td>
- <td width="60%">
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td alignment="right" width="20%">Password:</td>
- <td width="20%"><input type="password" name="password" value="test"></td>
- <td width="60%">
- </tr>
- </table>
- <br>
- <input type="submit" alignment="center" value="login">
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
- loginDetail.jsp:
- <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core_rt" prefix="c"%>
- <html><head>
- <title>Login to Spring Test</title></head>
- <body>
- <h1>Login Details:</h1>
- <br/>
- Login as: <c:out value ="${loginDetail.userName}"/>
- <br/>
- <a href="/S3/login.do">logout</a>
- </body>
- </html>
对配置的一些扩充点:
1为HandlerMapping和Controller的配置指定文件名称.
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>springTestServlet</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>classpath*:/xxx.xml</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
2,加入对MVC注解的支持:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
- <context:annotation-config />
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.test.spring.mvc.contoller" />
- <mvc:annotation-driven />
- @Controller
- public class AnnotationController {
- @RequestMapping("annotation.do")
- protected void test(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{
- response.getWriter().println("test Spring MVC annotation");
- }
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
- 否则会发生下面的异常:
- javax.servlet.ServletException: No adapter for handler [com.test.spring.mvc.contoller.LoginController@6ac615]: Does your handler implement a supported interface like Controller?
- org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.getHandlerAdapter(DispatcherServlet.java:982)
- org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:770)
- org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:716)
- org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:647)
- org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:552)
- javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:621)
- javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:722)
它能够访问<context-param>而得到配置文件的路径,加载后初始化了一个WebApplicationContext,并且将其作为Attribute放在了servletContext中,
所有可以访问servletContext的地方则可以访问WebApplicationContext.
- <listener>
- <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>
- /WEB-INF/springTest-services.xml,
- classpath:conf/jndiDSAppcontext.xml
- </param-value>
- </context-param>
分享一个关于Spring MVC不错的链接 http://www.iteye.com/topic/1119598