http://blog.csdn.net/xnwyd/article/details/7359506
socket进程通信与网络通信使用的是统一套接口,只是地址结构与某些参数不同。
一。创建socket服务端的流程如下:
(1)创建socket,类型为AF_LOCAL或AF_UNIX,表示用于进程通信:
- int server_fd;
- int client_fd;//client file descriptor
- struct sockaddr_un server_addr;
- struct sockaddr_un client_addr;
- size_t server_len,client_len;
- //cteate server socket
- //delete old socket file
- unlink(SERVER_NAME);
- if ((server_fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) {
- perror("socket");
- exit(1);
- }
(2)命名socket。这里面有一个很关键的东西,socket进程通信命名方式有两种。一是普通的命名,socket会根据此命名创建一个同名的socket文件,客户端连接的时候通过读取该socket文件连接到socket服务端。这种方式的弊端是服务端必须对socket文件的路径具备写权限,客户端必须知道socket文件路径,且必须对该路径有读权限。另外一种命名方式是抽象命名空间,这种方式不需要创建socket文件,只需要命名一个全局名字,即可让客户端根据此名字进行连接。后者的实现过程与前者的差别是,后者在对地址结构成员sun_path数组赋值的时候,必须把第一个字节置0,即sun_path[0] = 0,下面用代码说明:
第一种方式:
- //name the server socket
- server_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
- strcpy(server_addr.sun_path,SERVER_NAME);
- server_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);
- client_len = server_len;
- //name the socket
- server_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
- strcpy(server_addr.sun_path, SERVER_NAME);
- server_addr.sun_path[0]=0;
- //server_len = sizeof(server_addr);
- server_len = strlen(SERVER_NAME) + offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path);
- #define SERVER_NAME @socket_server
或者可以把第二种方式的实现封装成一个函数:
- int makeAddr(const char* name, struct sockaddr_un* pAddr, socklen_t* pSockLen)
- {
- int nameLen = strlen(name);
- if (nameLen >= (int) sizeof(pAddr->sun_path) -1) /* too long? */
- return -1;
- pAddr->sun_path[0] = '\0'; /* abstract namespace */
- strcpy(pAddr->sun_path+1, name);
- pAddr->sun_family = AF_UNIX;
- *pSockLen = 1 + nameLen + offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path);
- return 0;
- }
像下面这样使用这个函数:
- makeAddr("server_socket", &server_addr, &server_len);
提示:客户端连接服务器的时候,必须与服务端的命名方式相同,即如果服务端是普通命名方式,客户端的地址也必须是普通命名方式;如果服务端是抽象命名方式,客户端的地址也必须是抽象命名方式。
(3)绑定并侦听
- bind(server_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, server_len);
- //listen the server
- listen(server_sockfd, 5);
(4)等待客户端连接,并读写数据。
- while(1){
- printf("server waiting...\n");
- //accept client connect
- client_len = sizeof(client_addr);
- client_sockfd = accept(server_sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &client_len);
- //read data from client socket
- read(client_sockfd, &ch, 1);
- printf("read from client %d: %c",client_sockfd,ch);
- ch ++;
- write(client_sockfd, &ch, 1);
- close(client_sockfd);
- usleep(100);//1000 miliseconds = 1 second
- }
二 socket客户端创建流程
(1)创建socket
(2)命名socket
(3)连接到服务端:
- //connect to server
- result = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&address, len);
(4)与服务端进行通信
- //communicate with server socket
- while(1)
- {
- printf("set send content:");
- scanf("%c",&ch);
- write(sockfd, &ch, 1);
- printf("send to server:%c \n",ch);
- read(sockfd, &ch, 1);
- printf("read from server: %c\n", ch);
- }
完整代码如下:
(1)服务端server.c:
- #include<sys/types.h>
- #include<sys/socket.h>
- #include<stdio.h>
- #include<sys/un.h>
- #include<unistd.h>
- #include<stdlib.h>
- #include <stddef.h>
- #define SERVER_NAME "@server_socket"
- /*
- * Create a UNIX-domain socket address in the Linux "abstract namespace".
- *
- * The socket code doesn't require null termination on the filename, but
- * we do it anyway so string functions work.
- */
- int makeAddr(const char* name, struct sockaddr_un* pAddr, socklen_t* pSockLen)
- {
- int nameLen = strlen(name);
- if (nameLen >= (int) sizeof(pAddr->sun_path) -1) /* too long? */
- return -1;
- pAddr->sun_path[0] = '\0'; /* abstract namespace */
- strcpy(pAddr->sun_path+1, name);
- pAddr->sun_family = AF_UNIX;
- *pSockLen = 1 + nameLen + offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path);
- return 0;
- }
- int main()
- {
- int server_sockfd, client_sockfd;
- socklen_t server_len, client_len;
- struct sockaddr_un server_addr;
- struct sockaddr_un client_addr;
- char ch;
- int nread;
- //delete the old server socket
- //unlink("server_socket");
- //create socket
- server_sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
- //name the socket
- server_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
- strcpy(server_addr.sun_path, SERVER_NAME);
- server_addr.sun_path[0]=0;
- //server_len = sizeof(server_addr);
- server_len = strlen(SERVER_NAME) + offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path);
- //makeAddr("server_socket", &server_addr, &server_len);
- bind(server_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, server_len);
- //listen the server
- listen(server_sockfd, 5);
- client_sockfd = -1;
- client_len = sizeof(client_addr);
- while(1){
- printf("server waiting...\n");
- //accept client connect
- if(client_sockfd == -1){
- client_sockfd = accept(server_sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &client_len);
- }
- //read data from client socket
- nread = read(client_sockfd, &ch, 1);
- if(nread == 0){//client disconnected
- printf("client %d disconnected\n",client_sockfd);
- client_sockfd = -1;
- }
- else{
- printf("read from client %d: %c\n",client_sockfd,ch);
- ch ++;
- write(client_sockfd, &ch, 1);
- }
- usleep(100);//1000 miliseconds = 1 second
- }
- return 0;
- }
(2)客户端client.c
- #include<sys/types.h>
- #include<sys/socket.h>
- #include<stdio.h>
- #include<sys/un.h>
- #include<unistd.h>
- #include<stdlib.h>
- #include <stddef.h>
- #define SERVER_NAME "@server_socket"
- /*
- * Create a UNIX-domain socket address in the Linux "abstract namespace".
- *
- * The socket code doesn't require null termination on the filename, but
- * we do it anyway so string functions work.
- */
- int makeAddr(const char* name, struct sockaddr_un* pAddr, socklen_t* pSockLen)
- {
- int nameLen = strlen(name);
- if (nameLen >= (int) sizeof(pAddr->sun_path) -1) /* too long? */
- return -1;
- pAddr->sun_path[0] = '\0'; /* abstract namespace */
- strcpy(pAddr->sun_path+1, name);
- pAddr->sun_family = AF_UNIX;
- *pSockLen = 1 + nameLen + offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path);
- return 0;
- }
- int main()
- {
- int sockfd;
- socklen_t len;
- struct sockaddr_un address;
- int result;
- char ch = 'A';
- //create socket
- sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
- //name the server socket
- //makeAddr("server_socket", &address, &len);
- address.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
- strcpy(address.sun_path, SERVER_NAME);
- address.sun_path[0]=0;
- //len = sizeof(address);
- len = strlen(SERVER_NAME) + offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path);
- //connect to server
- result = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&address, len);
- if(result == -1)
- {
- perror("opps:client1");
- exit(1);
- }
- //communicate with server socket
- while(1)
- {
- printf("set send content:");
- scanf("%c",&ch);
- write(sockfd, &ch, 1);
- printf("send to server:%c \n",ch);
- read(sockfd, &ch, 1);
- printf("read from server: %c\n", ch);
- }
- exit(0);
- }