动态路由RIP

动态路由RIP

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北京千锋互联科技有限公司

云计算&网络安全杨哥团队：行癫

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RIP 路由信息协议

它基于距离矢量算法的协议，使用跳数作为度量来衡量达到目的网络的距离。

矢量：从源到目的，源只知道目的是谁。

特点：配置简单，易于维护，适用于小型网络，容易出环。

工作原理：设备之间互相发送request（路由更新请求）消息，收到request消息的设备将路由放到response（路由更新）中发送出去，当网络稳定后，RIP周期性发送response消息，周期为30s一次。

RIP的报文格式：

Command：指令/命令（1：request或2：response）

Version：版本 rip v1 和 rip v2

Address family identitier 地址族标识 固定取值ipv4

Ip address ： ip地址 在request消息中不显示

Metric：固定取值16

RIP v1 以广播的形式发送response路由更新 255.255.255.255

RIP v2 以组播的形式发送response路由更新 224.0.0.9

RIP度量（Metric）：度量等同于开销

RIP使用跳数作为度量值来衡量到达目的的网络

缺省的情况下，直连网络的路由条数为0，当路由器发送路由更新时，会把度量值加1，不能超过15跳。

RIPv1和RIPv2的比较

V1：有类别路由协议，不支持VLSM和CIDR（无类别域间路由）

以广播的形式发送报文255.255.255.255

不支持认证

V2：无类别路由协议，支持VLSM，支持路由聚合与CIDR

支持以广播或者组播（224.0.0.9）方式发送报文

支持明文认证和MD5密文认证

V2的报文格式：

Route Tag：路由标记 用来做路由策略使用

Subnet Mask：子网掩码

Next Hop： 下一跳

RIP企业级部署

一：基础配置

R1：

<Huawei>system view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]
[Huawei]int g0/0/0            //进入接口
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.1 24   //配置IP地址
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.2.1 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ip interface brief  //查看接口配置
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              10.1.1.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              10.1.2.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s) 

R2：

<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.2.2 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.3.1 24 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              10.1.2.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              10.1.3.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)  

R3：

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 10.1.3.2 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.1.4.1 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              10.1.3.2/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              10.1.4.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s) 

二：RIP部署

R1（同样的部署）：

三：结果

PC1使用ping命令可以于PC2互相通信。

四：抓包