HTML Tags and JavaScript tutorial
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ADO.NET中的多数据表操作浅析
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三、更新数据集
首先需要说明的是我这里去掉了
Order Details
表,对两个表的操作只是其中的几个字段。下面是窗体界面:
图
单选框用来选择不同的更新方法。
在
DataAccess
类中增加两个类成员变量:
private
SqlDataAdapter _customerDataAdapter;
//
客户数据适配器
private
SqlDataAdapter _orderDataAdapter;
//
订单数据适配器
customerDataAdapter
在构造函数中的初始化为
//
实例化
_customerDataAdapter
SqlCommand selectCustomerComm =
new
SqlCommand("GetCustomer",_conn);
selectCustomerComm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
selectCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID",SqlDbType.NChar,5,"CustomerID");
SqlCommand insertCustomerComm =
new
SqlCommand("AddCustomer",_conn);
insertCustomerComm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
insertCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID",SqlDbType.NChar,5,"CustomerID");
insertCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@CompanyName",SqlDbType.NVarChar,40,"CompanyName");
insertCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@ContactName",SqlDbType.NVarChar,30,"ContactName");
SqlCommand updateCustomerComm =
new
SqlCommand("UpdateCustomer",_conn);
updateCustomerComm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
updateCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID",SqlDbType.NChar,5,"CustomerID");
updateCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@CompanyName",SqlDbType.NVarChar,40,"CompanyName");
updateCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@ContactName",SqlDbType.NVarChar,30,"ContactName");
SqlCommand deleteCustomerComm =
new
SqlCommand("DeleteCustomer",_conn);
deleteCustomerComm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
deleteCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID",SqlDbType.NChar,5,"CustomerID");
_customerDataAdapter =
new
SqlDataAdapter(selectCustomerComm);
_customerDataAdapter.InsertCommand = insertCustomerComm;
_customerDataAdapter.UpdateCommand = updateCustomerComm;
_customerDataAdapter.DeleteCommand = deleteCustomerComm;
上面的代码完全可以用设计器生成,觉得有些东西自己写感觉更好,不过代码还是很多。
对于
_orderDataAdapter
的初始化同上面的差不多,这里我们只看订单增加的处理,下面是存储过程:
CREATE PROCEDURE
AddOrder
(
@OrderID INT OUT,
@CustomerID NCHAR(5),
@OrderDate DATETIME
)
AS
INSERT INTO Orders
(
CustomerID ,
OrderDate
)
VALUES
(
@CustomerID ,
@OrderDate
)
--SELECT @OrderID = @@IDENTITY
//
使用触发器有可能出现问题
SET @OrderID = SCOPE_IDENTITY()
GO
OrderID
自动增长值的获取通过输出参数来完成,这个相当不错,如果使用
SqlDataAdapter.RowUpdated
事件来处理那效率会很低。
对
insertOrderComm
对象的定义为:
SqlCommand insertOrderComm =
new
SqlCommand("AddOrder",_conn);
insertOrderComm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
insertOrderComm.Parameters.Add("@OrderID",SqlDbType.Int,4,"OrderID");
insertOrderComm.Parameters["@OrderID"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
insertOrderComm.Parameters.Add("@OrderDate",SqlDbType.DateTime,8,"OrderDate");
insertOrderComm.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID",SqlDbType.NChar,5,"CustomerID");
在实现数据的更新方法之前我们先来明确一些更新逻辑:
对于标记为删除的行,先删除订单表的数据,再删除客户表的数据;
对于标记为添加的行,先添加客户表的数据,再添加订单表的数据。
(
1
)实现用获取修改过的
DataSet
的副本子集来更新数据的方法。
这也是调用
Xml Web Service
更新数据的常用方法,先来看第一个版本,子集的获取通过
DataSet.GetChangs
方法来完成。
//
使用数据集子集更新数据
public
void
UpdateCustomerOrders(DatasetOrders ds)
{
DataSet dsModified = ds.GetChanges(DataRowState.Modified);
//
获取修改过的行
DataSet dsDeleted = ds.GetChanges(DataRowState.Deleted);
//
获取标记为删除的行
DataSet dsAdded = ds.GetChanges(DataRowState.Added);
//
获取增加的行
try
{
_conn.Open();
//
先添加客户表数据,再添加订单表数据
if
(dsAdded !=
null
)
{
_customerDataAdapter.Update(dsAdded,"Customers");
_orderDataAdapter.Update(dsAdded,"Orders");
ds.Merge(dsAdded);
}
if
(dsModified !=
null
)
//
更新数据表
{
_customerDataAdapter.Update(dsModified,"Customers");
_orderDataAdapter.Update(dsModified,"Orders");
ds.Merge(dsModified);
}
if
(dsDeleted !=
null
)
//
先删除订单表数据,再删除客户表数据
{
_orderDataAdapter.Update(dsDeleted,"Orders");
_customerDataAdapter.Update(dsDeleted,"Customers");
ds.Merge(dsDeleted);
}
}
catch
(Exception ex)
{
throw
new
Exception("
更新数据出错
",ex);
}
finally
{
if
(_conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
_conn.Close();
}
}
上面的方法看上去比较清晰,不过效率不会很高,至少中间创建了三个
DataSet
,然后又进行了多次合并。
(
2
)另一方法就是引用更新,不创建副本。
相对来说性能会高许多,但是如果用在
Web
服务上传输的数据量会更大
(
可以结合两个方法进行改进
)
。具体的实现就是通过
DataTable.Select
方法选择行状态来实现。
//
引用方式更新数据
public
void
UpdateCustomerOrders(DataSet ds)
{
try
{
_conn.Open();
//
先添加客户表数据,再添加订单表数据
_customerDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Customers"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Added));
_orderDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Orders"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Added));
//
更新数据表
_customerDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Customers"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.ModifiedCurrent));
_orderDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Orders"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.ModifiedCurrent));
//
先删除订单表数据,再删除客户表数据
_orderDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Orders"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Deleted));
_customerDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Customers"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Deleted));
}
catch
(Exception ex)
{
throw
new
Exception("
更新数据出错
",ex);
}
finally
{
if
(_conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
_conn.Close();
}
}
结合上面的两个方法我们可想到调用
Web Service
有更合理的方法来完成。
(
3
)使用事务
public
void
UpdateCustomerOrdersWithTransaction(DataSet ds)
{
SqlTransaction trans =
null
;
try
{
_conn.Open();
trans = _conn.BeginTransaction();
_customerDataAdapter.DeleteCommand.Transaction = trans;
_customerDataAdapter.InsertCommand.Transaction = trans;
_customerDataAdapter.UpdateCommand.Transaction = trans;
_orderDataAdapter.DeleteCommand.Transaction = trans;
_orderDataAdapter.InsertCommand.Transaction = trans;
_orderDataAdapter.UpdateCommand.Transaction = trans;
_customerDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Customers"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Added));
_orderDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Orders"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Added));
_customerDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Customers"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.ModifiedCurrent));
_orderDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Orders"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.ModifiedCurrent));
_orderDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Orders"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Deleted));
_customerDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Customers"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Deleted));
trans.Commit();
}
catch
(Exception ex)
{
trans.Rollback();
throw
new
Exception("
更新数据出错
",ex);
}
finally
{
if
(_conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
_conn.Close();
}
}
最后让我们来看看窗体的按钮更新事件的代码:
private
void
buttonUpdate_Click(
object
sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//
提交编辑数据
this
.BindingContext[
this
._ds].EndCurrentEdit();
if
(radioButtonRef.Checked ==
true
)
//
引用方式更新
_dataAccess.UpdateCustomerOrders((DataSet)_ds);
else
if
(radioButtonTrans.Checked ==
true
)
//
启用事务更新数据表
_dataAccess.UpdateCustomerOrdersWithTransaction((DataSet)_ds);
else
{
DatasetOrders changedData =
(DatasetOrders)_ds.GetChanges();
if
(radioButtonWeb.Checked ==
true
)
//Web
服务的更正更新
{
_dataAccess.UpdateCustomerOrders((DataSet)changedData);
}
else
//
创建副本合并方式更新
{
_dataAccess.UpdateCustomerOrders(changedData);
}
//
去除订单表中添加的虚拟行
foreach
(DataRow row
in
_ds.Orders.Select("","",DataViewRowState.Added))
_ds.Orders.RemoveOrdersRow((DatasetOrders.OrdersRow)row);
//
去除客户表中添加的虚拟行
foreach
(DataRow row
in
_ds.Customers.Select("","",DataViewRowState.Added))
_ds.Customers.RemoveCustomersRow((DatasetOrders.CustomersRow)row);
_ds.Merge(changedData);
}
//
提交数据集状态
_ds.AcceptChanges();
}
3-1
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