ADO.NET中的多数据表操作浅析

 

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ADO.NET中的多数据表操作浅析

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三、更新数据集
首先需要说明的是我这里去掉了
Order Details
表,对两个表的操作只是其中的几个字段。下面是窗体界面:

单选框用来选择不同的更新方法。

DataAccess
类中增加两个类成员变量:
    
private
SqlDataAdapter _customerDataAdapter;
//
客户数据适配器
    
private
SqlDataAdapter _orderDataAdapter;
//
订单数据适配器
 
customerDataAdapter
在构造函数中的初始化为
//
实例化
_customerDataAdapter
SqlCommand selectCustomerComm =
new
SqlCommand("GetCustomer",_conn);
selectCustomerComm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
selectCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID",SqlDbType.NChar,5,"CustomerID");
        
SqlCommand insertCustomerComm =
new
SqlCommand("AddCustomer",_conn);
insertCustomerComm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
insertCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID",SqlDbType.NChar,5,"CustomerID");
insertCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@CompanyName",SqlDbType.NVarChar,40,"CompanyName");
insertCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@ContactName",SqlDbType.NVarChar,30,"ContactName");
 
SqlCommand updateCustomerComm =
new
SqlCommand("UpdateCustomer",_conn);
updateCustomerComm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
updateCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID",SqlDbType.NChar,5,"CustomerID");
updateCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@CompanyName",SqlDbType.NVarChar,40,"CompanyName");
updateCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@ContactName",SqlDbType.NVarChar,30,"ContactName");
             
SqlCommand deleteCustomerComm =
new
SqlCommand("DeleteCustomer",_conn);
deleteCustomerComm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
deleteCustomerComm.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID",SqlDbType.NChar,5,"CustomerID");
 
_customerDataAdapter =
new
SqlDataAdapter(selectCustomerComm);
_customerDataAdapter.InsertCommand = insertCustomerComm;
_customerDataAdapter.UpdateCommand = updateCustomerComm;
_customerDataAdapter.DeleteCommand = deleteCustomerComm;
 
上面的代码完全可以用设计器生成,觉得有些东西自己写感觉更好,不过代码还是很多。
对于
_orderDataAdapter
的初始化同上面的差不多,这里我们只看订单增加的处理,下面是存储过程:
CREATE PROCEDURE
 
AddOrder
(
    
@OrderID INT OUT,
    
@CustomerID NCHAR(5),
    
@OrderDate DATETIME
)
AS
INSERT INTO Orders
(
    
CustomerID ,
    
OrderDate
)
VALUES
(
    
@CustomerID ,
    
@OrderDate
)
--SELECT @OrderID = @@IDENTITY
 
//
使用触发器有可能出现问题
SET @OrderID = SCOPE_IDENTITY()
GO
 
OrderID
自动增长值的获取通过输出参数来完成,这个相当不错,如果使用
SqlDataAdapter.RowUpdated
事件来处理那效率会很低。

insertOrderComm
对象的定义为:
SqlCommand insertOrderComm =
new
SqlCommand("AddOrder",_conn);
insertOrderComm.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
insertOrderComm.Parameters.Add("@OrderID",SqlDbType.Int,4,"OrderID");
insertOrderComm.Parameters["@OrderID"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
insertOrderComm.Parameters.Add("@OrderDate",SqlDbType.DateTime,8,"OrderDate");
insertOrderComm.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID",SqlDbType.NChar,5,"CustomerID");
 
在实现数据的更新方法之前我们先来明确一些更新逻辑:
对于标记为删除的行,先删除订单表的数据,再删除客户表的数据;
对于标记为添加的行,先添加客户表的数据,再添加订单表的数据。
 

1
)实现用获取修改过的
DataSet
的副本子集来更新数据的方法。
这也是调用
Xml Web Service
更新数据的常用方法,先来看第一个版本,子集的获取通过
DataSet.GetChangs
方法来完成。
//
使用数据集子集更新数据
public

void
UpdateCustomerOrders(DatasetOrders ds)
{
            
    
DataSet dsModified = ds.GetChanges(DataRowState.Modified);
//
获取修改过的行
    
DataSet dsDeleted = ds.GetChanges(DataRowState.Deleted);
//
获取标记为删除的行
    
DataSet dsAdded = ds.GetChanges(DataRowState.Added);
//
获取增加的行
    
try
    
{
   
        
_conn.Open();
//
先添加客户表数据,再添加订单表数据
        
if
(dsAdded !=
null
)
        
{
             
_customerDataAdapter.Update(dsAdded,"Customers");
             
_orderDataAdapter.Update(dsAdded,"Orders");
             
ds.Merge(dsAdded);
        
}
        
if
(dsModified !=
null
)
//
更新数据表
        
{
        
    
_customerDataAdapter.Update(dsModified,"Customers");
             
_orderDataAdapter.Update(dsModified,"Orders");
             
ds.Merge(dsModified);
        
}
        
if
(dsDeleted !=
null
)
//
先删除订单表数据,再删除客户表数据
        
{
             
_orderDataAdapter.Update(dsDeleted,"Orders");
             
_customerDataAdapter.Update(dsDeleted,"Customers");
             
ds.Merge(dsDeleted);
        
}
                 
    
}
    
catch
(Exception ex)
    
{
        
throw

new
Exception("
更新数据出错
",ex);
    
}
    
finally
    
{
        
if
(_conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
             
_conn.Close();
    
}
}
上面的方法看上去比较清晰,不过效率不会很高,至少中间创建了三个
DataSet
,然后又进行了多次合并。

2
)另一方法就是引用更新,不创建副本。
相对来说性能会高许多,但是如果用在
Web
服务上传输的数据量会更大
(
可以结合两个方法进行改进
)
。具体的实现就是通过
DataTable.Select
方法选择行状态来实现。
//
引用方式更新数据
public

void
UpdateCustomerOrders(DataSet ds)
{
    
try
    
{
   
        
_conn.Open();

        
//
先添加客户表数据,再添加订单表数据

    
_customerDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Customers"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Added));
    
_orderDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Orders"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Added));
    
//
更新数据表
    
_customerDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Customers"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.ModifiedCurrent));
    
_orderDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Orders"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.ModifiedCurrent));
//
先删除订单表数据,再删除客户表数据
    
_orderDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Orders"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Deleted));
    
_customerDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Customers"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Deleted));
           
    
}
    
catch
(Exception ex)
    
{
        
throw

new
Exception("
更新数据出错
",ex);
    
}
    
finally
    
{
        
if
(_conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
             
_conn.Close();
    
}
}
结合上面的两个方法我们可想到调用
Web Service
有更合理的方法来完成。

3
)使用事务
public

void
UpdateCustomerOrdersWithTransaction(DataSet ds)
{
    
SqlTransaction trans =
null
;
    
try
    
{
   
        
_conn.Open();
        
trans = _conn.BeginTransaction();
        
_customerDataAdapter.DeleteCommand.Transaction = trans;
        
_customerDataAdapter.InsertCommand.Transaction = trans;
        
_customerDataAdapter.UpdateCommand.Transaction = trans;
        
_orderDataAdapter.DeleteCommand.Transaction = trans;
        
_orderDataAdapter.InsertCommand.Transaction = trans;
        
_orderDataAdapter.UpdateCommand.Transaction = trans;
    
_customerDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Customers"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Added));
                  
_orderDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Orders"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Added));
    
_customerDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Customers"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.ModifiedCurrent));
    
_orderDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Orders"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.ModifiedCurrent));
    
_orderDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Orders"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Deleted));
    
_customerDataAdapter.Update(ds.Tables["Customers"].Select("","",DataViewRowState.Deleted));
 
    
    
trans.Commit();
    
}
    
catch
(Exception ex)
    
{
        
trans.Rollback();
        
throw

new
Exception("
更新数据出错
",ex);
    
}
    
finally
    
{
        
if
(_conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
             
_conn.Close();
    
}
}
最后让我们来看看窗体的按钮更新事件的代码:
private

void
buttonUpdate_Click(
object
sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
             
//
提交编辑数据
    
this
.BindingContext[
this
._ds].EndCurrentEdit();
    
    
if
(radioButtonRef.Checked ==
true
)
//
引用方式更新
        
_dataAccess.UpdateCustomerOrders((DataSet)_ds);
    
else

if
(radioButtonTrans.Checked ==
true
)
//
启用事务更新数据表
        
_dataAccess.UpdateCustomerOrdersWithTransaction((DataSet)_ds);
    
else

    
{
        
DatasetOrders changedData =
 
(DatasetOrders)_ds.GetChanges();
        
if
(radioButtonWeb.Checked ==
true
)
//Web
服务的更正更新
        
{
                     
             
_dataAccess.UpdateCustomerOrders((DataSet)changedData);
        
}
        
else
//
创建副本合并方式更新
        
{
                 
             
_dataAccess.UpdateCustomerOrders(changedData);
        
}
        
//
去除订单表中添加的虚拟行
        
foreach
(DataRow row
in
_ds.Orders.Select("","",DataViewRowState.Added))
             
_ds.Orders.RemoveOrdersRow((DatasetOrders.OrdersRow)row);
        
//
去除客户表中添加的虚拟行
        
foreach
(DataRow row
in
_ds.Customers.Select("","",DataViewRowState.Added))
             
_ds.Customers.RemoveCustomersRow((DatasetOrders.CustomersRow)row);
        
_ds.Merge(changedData);
    
}
    
//
提交数据集状态
    
_ds.AcceptChanges();
}
3-1
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