Linux文件路径获取相关命令

最近遇到了一两个Linux文件路径获取的命令, 感觉会比较有用. 简单记录下, 应该还不全面.
以后遇到了更多的会再继续添加. 都是Linux自带的工具命令.

1: readlink
主要用来找出符号链接所指向的位置. 打印出符号链接或者是权威文件名.

$ readlink --help / man readlink
Usage: readlink [OPTION]... FILE... 
Print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name
  -f, --canonicalize            canonicalize by following every symlink in 
                                every component of the given name recursively; 
                                all but the last component must exist 
递归跟随给出文件名的所有符号链接以标准化，递归跟随给出文件名的所有符号链接以标准化，
  -e, --canonicalize-existing   canonicalize by following every symlink in 
                                every component of the given name recursively, 
                                all components must exist 
递归跟随给出文件名的所有符号链接以标准化，递归跟随给出文件名的所有符号链接以标准化，
  -m, --canonicalize-missing    canonicalize by following every symlink in 
                                every component of the given name recursively, 
                                without requirements on components existence 
递归跟随给出文件名的所有符号链接以标准化，递归跟随给出文件名的所有符号链接以标准化，
  -n, --no-newline              do not output the trailing delimiter 
 递归跟随给出文件名的所有符号链接以标准化，
  -q, --quiet, 
  -s, --silent                  suppress most error messages  缩减大多数的错误消息
  -v, --verbose                 report error messages  缩减大多数的错误消息
  -z, --zero                    separate output with NUL rather than newline 
      --help     display this help and exit  显示此帮助信息并退出
      --version  output version information and exit  显示此帮助信息并退出

常用的是readlink -f
可以递归跟随给出文件名的所有符号链接以标准化，除最后一个外所有组件必须存在。就是一直跟随符号链接，直到直到非符号链接的文件位置，限制是最后必须存在一个非符号链接的文件。

实例:

$ readlink /usr/bin/awk
/etc/alternatives/awk

$ ll /etc/alternatives/awk
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Sep 12  2013 /etc/alternatives/awk -> /usr/bin/mawk*
$ readlink -f /usr/bin/awk
/usr/bin/mawk

2: dirname
取一个文件存储路径

$ dirname --help 
Usage: dirname [OPTION] NAME... 
Output each NAME with its last non-slash component and trailing slashes 
removed; if NAME contains no /'s, output '.' (meaning the current directory). 

  -z, --zero     separate output with NUL rather than newline 
      --help     display this help and exit 
      --version  output version information and exit  

实例:

  dirname /usr/bin/          -> "/usr" 
  dirname dir1/str dir2/str  -> "dir1" followed by "dir2" 
  dirname stdio.h            -> "."

3: basename
取一个文件名（去掉后缀名），可以用basename。这个命令使用起来貌似有些死板。你要完整地写出 后缀名（想要剔除的部分）。

$ basename --help 
Usage: basename NAME [SUFFIX] 
  or:  basename OPTION... NAME... 
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed. 
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX. 

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. 
  -a, --multiple       support multiple arguments and treat each as a NAME 
  -s, --suffix=SUFFIX  remove a trailing SUFFIX 
  -z, --zero           separate output with NUL rather than newline 
      --help     display this help and exit 
      --version  output version information and exit 

实例:

  basename /usr/bin/sort          -> "sort" 
  basename include/stdio.h .h     -> "stdio" 
  basename -s .h include/stdio.h  -> "stdio" 
  basename -a any/str1 any/str2   -> "str1" followed by "str2" 

目测相关的命令还有realpath/readlinat/symlink/symlinkat等,不过我目前没有用到过,暂时不做介绍了.
以后了解点再补上.