NSString的使用

总览：

•创建常量字符串
•创建空字符串
•initWithString方法
•用标准C创建字符串
•创建格式化字符串
•创建临时字符串
•从文件创建字符串
•用字符串创建字符串，并写入到文件

•用C比较:strcmp函数

•isEqualToString方法

•compare方法

•不考虑大小写比较字符串 

•输出大写或者小写字符串

•rangeOfString:方法

•substringToIndex:方法

•substringFromIndex:

•substringWithRange: 

•stringWithCapacity: 

•appendString:和appendFormat: 

•insertString:atIndex:方法

•setString: 方法

•replaceCharactersInRange: withString:

•hasPrefix: 和hasSuffix:

实现：

创建常量字符串

NSString*aString = @”This is a String”;

NSLog(@”string = %@”,aString);

打印：sring ＝ThisisaString

创建空字符串，给予赋值

NSString *aString = [[NSStringalloc]init];

aString = @”This is a String”;

NSLog(@”string = %@”,aString);

打印：sring ＝ThisisaString

initWithString方法

作用：相对上面的方法可提升速度

NSString *astring = [[NSStringalloc]initWithString:@"This is aString!"];

用标准C创建字符串

方法：initWithCString

char *cString = ”This is a String”;

NSString *astring = [[NSStringalloc]initWithCString:Cstring];

NSLog(@”string = %@”,aString);

打印：sring ＝ThisisaString

创建格式化字符串

占位符：由一个％加一个字符组成。

inti = 1;

intj = 2;

 NSString *aString= [[NSStringalloc]initWithString:[NSStringstringWithFormat:@“i is %d, j is %d”,i,j]];

NSLog(@”string = %@”,aString);

打印：string=i is 1, j is 2

创建临时字符串

NSString *aString;

aString= [NSStringstringWithCString:“Thisis a temporary string”];

NSLog(@”aString = %@”,aString);

打印：aString = This is a temporary string

从文件创建字符串

获取文件路径

NSString*path = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@“aString.text”ofType:nil];

NSString*aString= [[NSStringalloc]initWithContentsOfFile:path];

用字符串创建字符串，并写入到文件

用字符串创建字符串

NSString*aString= [[NSStringalloc]initWithString:@“Thisis a String!”];

保存到的文件

NSString*path =@“astring.text”;

写入文件

[aStringwriteToFile: path atomically: YES];

用C比较:strcmp函数

char string1[] = “string!”;

 char string2[] =“string!”;

 if(strcmp(string1, string2) == 0) {

  NSLog(@“1”);

}

说明：strcmp()用来比较字符串（区分大小写），其原型为：
    intstrcmp(constchar *s1,constchar *s2);

isEqualToString方法

比较两个字符串是否相等，返回布尔类型BOOL

NSString *aString01= @“This is a String!”;

 NSString *aString02= @“This is a String!”;

BOOL result = [aString01isEqualToString:aString02];

compare方法

comparer返回的三种值：

NSOrderedSame 判断两者内容是否 相同

NSOrderedAscending 判断两对象值的大小 ( 按字母顺序进行比较， aString02 大于 aString01 为真 )

NSOrderedDescending 判断 两对象值的大小 ( 按字母顺序进行比较， aString02 小于 aString01 为真 )

NSOrderedSame 判断两者内容是否 相同

NSString *aString01= @“This is a String!”;

NSString*aString02= @“This is a String!”;

 BOOL result = [aString01 compare:aString02] ==NSOrderedSame;

if (result){

  //为真

  NSLog(@”真”);

}

NSOrderedAscending 判断两对象值的大小 ( 按字母顺序进行比较， aString02 大于 aString01 为真 )

NSString *aString01= @"This is aString!";

NSString*aString02= @"this is aString!";

BOOL result = [aString01 compare:aString02] ==NSOrderedAscending;

if (result){

  //为真

  NSLog(@”真”);

}

NSOrderedDescending 判断 两对象值的大小 ( 按字母顺序进行比较， aString02 小于 aString01 为真 )

NSString *aString01= @"this is a String!";

NSString *aString02= @"This is aString!";

BOOL result = [aString01 compare:aString02] ==NSOrderedDescending;

if (result){

  //为真

  NSLog(@”真”);

}

不考虑大小写比较字符串 

NSString *astring01 = @"thisis a String!";

NSString*astring02 = @"This isa String!";

 BOOL result = [astring01caseInsensitiveCompare:astring02] ==NSOrderedSame;

 //NSOrderedDescending判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较，astring02小于astring01为真)

NSString *astring01 = @"thisis a String!";

 NSString *astring02 = @"Thisis a String!";

 BOOL result = [astring01compare:astring02options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch |NSNumericSearch] ==NSOrderedSame;

//NSCaseInsensitiveSearch:不区分大小写比较NSLiteralSearch:进行完全比较，区分大小写NSNumericSearch:比较字符串的字符个数，而不是字符值。 

输出大写或者小写字符串

NSString *string1 = @"AString";

NSString*string2 = @"String";

NSLog(@"string1:%@",[string1uppercaseString]);//大写

打印：string1: A STRING

NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2lowercaseString]);//小写

打印：string2: string

NSLog(@“string2:%@”,[string2capitalizedString]);//首字母大写

打印：String

rangeOfString:方法

查找字符串某处是否包含其它字符串。

NSString *string1 =@“This is astring”;

NSString*string2 =@“string”;

NSRangerange = [string1rangeOfString:string2];

intlocation = range.location;//字符串所在位置

NSString*aString= [[NSStringalloc]initWithString:[NSStringstringWithFormat:@“Location:%i,Leight:%i”,location,leight]];

NSLog(@”aString:%@",aString);

打印：aString:Location:10,Leight:6

substringToIndex:方法

从字符串的开头一直截取到指定的位置，但不包括该位置的字符。

NSString *string1 =@“This is astring”;

NSString*string2 = [string1substringToIndex:3];

NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);

打印：string2: Thi

substringFromIndex:

以指定位置开始（包括指定位置的字符），并包括之后的全部字符。

NSString *string1 =@“This is astring”;

 NSString *string2 = [string1substringFromIndex:3];

NSLog(@“string2:%@”,string2);

打印：string2: s is a string

substringWithRange: 

按照所给出的位置，长度，任意地从字符串中截取子串。

NSString *string1 =@“This is astring”;

NSString*string2 = [string1substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];

NSLog(@“string2:%@”,string2);

打印：string2: This

stringWithCapacity: 

按照固定长度生成空字符串。

NSMutableString *String;

String = [NSMutableStringstringWithCapacity:40];

这是初始化一个可变的字符串

appendString:和appendFormat: 

把一个字符串接在另一个字符串的末尾。

NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableStringalloc]initWithString:@"This is aNSMutableString"];

[String1 appendString:@", Yes"];

[String1 appendFormat:[NSStringstringWithFormat:@",itis"]];

NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);

打印：String1: :This isaNSMutableString, Yes, it is

insertString:atIndex:方法

在指定位置插入字符串。

NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableStringalloc]initWithString:@“Thisis a NSMutableString”];

[String1 insertString:@“Hi!” atIndex:0];//在第0个位置插入

NSLog(@“String1:%@”,String1);

打印：String1: Hi! This is aNSMutableString

setString: 方法

替换原来的值。

NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableStringalloc]initWithString:@"This is aNSMutableString"];

[String1 setString:@"Hello Word!"];

NSLog(@“String1:%@”,String1);

打印：String1: Hello Word!

replaceCharactersInRange: withString:

用指定字符串替换字符串中某指定位置、长度的字符串。

NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableStringalloc]initWithString:@“Thisis a NSMutableString”];

[String1 replaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4)withString:@“That”]; //从第0个位置开始长度是4（This）用That来替换

NSLog(@“String1:%@”,String1);

打印：String1: That is a NSMutableString

hasPrefix: 和hasSuffix:

检查字符串是否以另一个字符串开头和是否以一个字符串结尾。

NSString *String1 =@“NSStringInformation.txt”;[String1 hasPrefix:@“NSString”]= = 1 ? NSLog(@“YES”): NSLog(@“NO”);

打印：YES

[String1 hasSuffix:@“.txt”]= = 1 ? NSLog(@“YES”): NSLog(@“NO”);

打印：YES

说明：用到的“？：” 是三目运算符