PyQT5基础（学习笔记）

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-22 00:37:19 发布

zYongheng

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-22 00:37:19 发布

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分类专栏： Windows编程文章标签： python QML

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zyongheng/article/details/101946210

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一、使用Qt Designer

二、使用QML

PyQt5借助Python的大量的函数库，对数据的获取和处理功能，补充C++这方面的不足

一、使用Qt Designer

我的第一个PyQt5程序

PyChram配置：

QtDesigner

C:\Users\20582\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Lib\site-packages\pyqt5_tools\designer.exe



   $FileDir$

 - PyUic

   C:\Users\20582\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\python.exe

   -m PyQt5.uic.pyuic $FileName$ -o ui_$FileNameWithoutExtension$.py

   $FileDir$

 - PyRcc

   C:\Users\20582\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\Scripts\pyrcc5.exe

   $FileName$ -o $FileNameWithoutExtension$_rc.py

   $FileDir$

使用Python构建程序的核心模块——使用槽函数

UI和代码分离

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication
from firstMainWin import *

class MyMainWindow(QMainWindow,UI_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self,parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi(self)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    myWin = MyMainWindow()
    myWin.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

使用槽函数
- 先使用界面设计师连接槽函数
- 然后生成代码
- 实现新建的槽函数

PyQt5程序模块化
1. 引用自己定义的模块
```
from 文件名 import *
```
2. 引用Qt模块
```
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication
```
3. 引用Python模块（查询相关文档）
```
import sys
```

二、使用QML

QML Designer的语法规范
1. 界面文件中不可以定义Json
2. 使用Conncet来连接信号和Json代码
```
Connect{
    target: id
    onClicked:{
        ...
    }
}
```

Python和QML的数据交换

QML和Python的5中交互方式

QML显式的调用Python函数

from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl, QObject, pyqtSlot
from PyQt5.QtGui import QGuiApplication
from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickView

class MyClass(QObject):
    @pyqtSlot(str)    # 输入参数为str类型
    def outputString(self, string):
        print(string)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    path = 'test.qml'   # 加载的QML文件
    app = QGuiApplication([])
    view = QQuickView()
    con = MyClass()
    context = view.rootContext()
    context.setContextProperty("con", con)
    view.engine().quit.connect(app.quit)
    view.setSource(QUrl(path))
    view.show()
    app.exec_()

import QtQuick 2.0

Rectangle {
    width: 320; height: 240
    color: "lightblue"
    Text {
        id: txt
        text: "Clicked me"
        font.pixelSize: 20
        anchors.centerIn: parent
    }
    MouseArea {
        id: mouse_area
        anchors.fill: parent  // 有效区域
        onClicked: {
           con.outputString("Hello, Python3") //QML显式的调用Python函数   
        }
    }
}

QML调用Python函数，并返回

from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl, QObject, pyqtSlot
from PyQt5.QtGui import QGuiApplication
from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickView

class MyClass(QObject):
    @pyqtSlot(int, result=str)    # 声明为槽，输入参数为int类型，返回值为str类型
    def returnValue(self, value):
        return str(value+10)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    path = 'test2.qml'   # 加载的QML文件
    app = QGuiApplication([])
    view = QQuickView()
    con = MyClass()
    context = view.rootContext()
    context.setContextProperty("con", con)
    view.engine().quit.connect(app.quit)
    view.setSource(QUrl(path))
    view.show()
    app.exec_()

import QtQuick 2.0

Rectangle {
    id: root
    width: 320; height: 240
    color: "lightgray"
    Text {
        id: txt
        text: "Clicked me"
        font.pixelSize: 20
        anchors.centerIn: parent
    }
    Text {
        id: txt1
        text: "..."
        font.pixelSize: 20
    }
    MouseArea {
        id: mouse_area
        anchors.fill: parent  // 有效区域
        onClicked: {
            console.log("test...")  // 控制台打印信息
            txt1.text = con.returnValue(20) //QML显式的调用Python函数    
        }
    }
}

QML连接信号到Python

from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl
from PyQt5.QtGui import QGuiApplication
from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickView

def outputString(string):
    print(string)



if __name__ == '__main__':
    path = 'test3.qml'   # 加载的QML文件
    app = QGuiApplication([])
    view = QQuickView()
    view.engine().quit.connect(app.quit)
    view.setSource(QUrl(path))
    view.show()
    context = view.rootObject()
    context.sendClicked.connect(outputString)   # 连接QML信号sendCLicked
    app.exec_()

import QtQuick 2.0
 
Rectangle {
    id: root
    width: 320; height: 240
    color: "lightgray"
    signal sendClicked(string str) // 定义信号
 
    Text {
        id: txt
        text: "Clicked me"
        font.pixelSize: 20
        anchors.centerIn: parent
    }
    MouseArea {
        id: mouse_area
        anchors.fill: parent  //有效区域
        onClicked: {
            root.sendClicked("Hello, Python3")//发射信号到Python        
        }
    }
}

Python调用QML函数

from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl, QTimer
from PyQt5.QtGui import QGuiApplication
from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickView
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    path = 'test4.qml'   # 加载的QML文件
 
    app = QGuiApplication([])
    view = QQuickView()
    view.engine().quit.connect(app.quit)
    view.setSource(QUrl(path))
    view.show()
 
    timer = QTimer()
    timer.start(2000)
    root = view.rootObject()
    timer.timeout.connect(root.updateRotater) # 调用QML函数                 
 
    app.exec_()

import QtQuick 2.0
 
Rectangle {
    id: page
    width: 500; height: 200
    color: "lightgray"
 
    function updateRotater() {// 定义函数                             
        rotater.angle += 5
    }
 
    Rectangle {
        id: rotater
        property real angle : 0
        x: 240; y: 95
        width: 100; height: 5
        color: "black"
 
        transform: Rotation {
            origin.x: 10; origin.y: 5
            angle: rotater.angle
        }
    }
}

信号/槽机制

from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtProperty, pyqtSignal, pyqtSlot, QRectF, Qt, QUrl
from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor, QGuiApplication, QPainter, QPen
from PyQt5.QtQml import qmlRegisterType
from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickPaintedItem, QQuickView


class PieChart(QQuickPaintedItem):

    chartCleared = pyqtSignal() # 定义信号

    @pyqtProperty(str)
    def name(self):
        return self._name

    @name.setter
    def name(self, name):
        self._name = name

    @pyqtProperty(QColor)
    def color(self):
        return self._color

    @color.setter
    def color(self, color):
        self._color = QColor(color)

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(PieChart, self).__init__(parent)

        self._name = ''
        self._color = QColor()

    def paint(self, painter):
        painter.setPen(QPen(self._color, 2))
        painter.setRenderHints(QPainter.Antialiasing, True)

        rect = QRectF(0, 0, self.width(), self.height()).adjusted(1, 1, -1, -1)
        painter.drawPie(rect, 90 * 16, 290 * 16)

    @pyqtSlot()
    def clearChart(self):
        self.color = QColor(Qt.transparent)
        self.update()

        self.chartCleared.emit() # 发射信号


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import os
    import sys

    app = QGuiApplication(sys.argv)

    qmlRegisterType(PieChart, "Charts", 1, 0, "PieChart")

    view = QQuickView()
    view.setResizeMode(QQuickView.SizeRootObjectToView)
    view.setSource(
            QUrl.fromLocalFile(
                    os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),'tes5.qml')))
    view.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

import Charts 1.0
import QtQuick 2.0

Item {
    width: 300; height: 200

    PieChart {
        id: aPieChart
        anchors.centerIn: parent
        width: 100; height: 100
        color: "red"

        onChartCleared: console.log("The chart has been cleared") //槽
    }

    MouseArea {
        anchors.fill: parent
        onClicked: aPieChart.clearChart()
    }

    Text {
        anchors { bottom: parent.bottom; horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter; bottomMargin: 20 }
        text: "Click anywhere to clear the chart"
    }
}

https://www.cnblogs.com/hhh5460/p/4237863.html（https://www.cnblogs.com/hhh5460/p/4237863.html）

访问QML属性和函数

import QtQuick 2.5

Rectangle {
    id: page
    objectName: page
    width: 500;
    height: 200;
    property int someNumber: 100
    function setText(t) {
        _txt.text = t
    }

    Text{
        objectName: 'txt1'
        id: _txt
        text: ''
    }
    
}

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl, QTimer,QObject
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication
from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickView,QQuickItem

if __name__ == '__main__':
    path = '../main.qml'   # 加载的QML文件

    app = QApplication([])
    view = QQuickView()
    view.setSource(QUrl(path))
    view.show()

    root = view.rootObject()
    root.setText('你好')
    print(root.property('someNumber'))
    w = root.findChild(QObject, 'txt1').property('width')
    print(w)
    sys.exit(app.exec_())