实验拓扑：
实验需求：
1.AS1存在两个环回，一个地址为192.168.1.0/24该地址不能 在任何协议中宣告
AS3中存在两个环回，一个地址为192.168.2.0/24该地址不能在任何协议中宣告，最终要求这两个环回可以互相通讯.
2.整个AS2的IP地址为172.16.0.0/16，请合理划分
3.AS间的骨干链路IP地址随意定制
4.使用BGP协议让整个网络所有设备的环回可以互相访问
5.减少路由条目数量，避免环路出现
实验步骤：
1，IP划分：
由实验可知，172.16.0.0/16需要从大网段化为小网段，我们将骨干链路划分在一个网段，建邻地址划分在一个网段。需要两个网段。
业务网段各给一个网段。需要5个网段
直接将其划分到24位的掩码，需要7个网段：
172.16.0.0/16
172.16.0000 0001.0 --- 建邻网段：172.16.1.0/24
建邻网段只需要一个IP，故直接使用30位掩码
172.16.1.0000 0000 --- 172.16.0.0/30：R1
172.16.1.0000 0100 --- 172.16.0.4/30：R2
172.16.1.0000 1000 --- 172.16.0.8/30：R3
172.16.1.0000 1100 --- 172.16.0.12/30：R4
172.16.1.0001 0000 --- 172.16.0.16/30：R5
172.16.1.0001 0100 --- 172.16.0.20/30：R6
172.16.1.0001 1000 --- 172.16.0.24/30：R7
172.16.1.0001 1100 --- 172.16.0.28/30：R8
172.16.0000 00010.0 --- 骨干链路：172.16.2.0/24
骨干链路也仅需要2个IP，故试用版30位的 掩码。
172.16.2.0000 0000 --- 172.16.2.0/30
172.16.2.0000 0100 --- 172.16.2.4/30：R2-R3
172.16.2.0000 1000 --- 172.16.2.8/30：R3-R4
172.16.2.0000 1100 --- 172.16.2.12/30：R2-R5
172.16.2.0001 0000 --- 172.16.2.16/30：R5-R6
172.16.2.0001 0100 --- 172.16.2.20/30：R6-R7
172.16.2.0001 1000 --- 172.16.2.24/30：R7-R8
172.16.0000 0011.0 --- R3业务网段：172.16.3.0/24
172.16.0000 0100.0 --- R4业务网段：172.16.4.0/24
172.16.0000 0101.0 --- R5业务网段:172.16.5.0/24
172.16.0000 0110.0 --- R6业务网段:172.16.6.0/24
172.16.0000 0111.0 --- R7业务网段:172.16.7.0/24
2，配置IP：
R1:
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R1
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.1 24
May 13 2024 08:18:41-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.1 30
[R1-LoopBack0]int l1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.1 24
[R1-LoopBack1]q
[R1]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 12.1.1.1/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 unassigned down down
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack0 172.16.0.1/30 up up(s)
LoopBack1 192.168.1.1/24 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[R1]
R2:
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R2
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 13 2024 08:21:31-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.2.5 30
May 13 2024 08:21:50-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.5 30
[R2-LoopBack0]q
[R2]int g0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 172.16.2.13 30
May 13 2024 08:22:29-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[R2]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 0
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 0
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 12.1.1.2/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 172.16.2.5/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 172.16.2.13/30 up up
LoopBack0 172.16.0.5/30 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[R2]
R3:
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R3
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.2.6 30
May 13 2024 08:24:38-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.2.9 30
May 13 2024 08:24:56-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.9 30
[R3-LoopBack0]int l1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.3.3 24
[R3-LoopBack1]q
[R3]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 172.16.2.6/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 172.16.2.9/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack0 172.16.0.9/30 up up(s)
LoopBack1 172.16.3.3/24 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[R3]
R4:
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R4
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.2.10 30
May 13 2024 08:26:49-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.2.25 30
May 13 2024 08:27:08-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.13 30
[R4-LoopBack0]int l1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.4.4 24
[R4-LoopBack1]q
[R4]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 172.16.2.10/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 172.16.2.25/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack0 172.16.0.13/30 up up(s)
LoopBack1 172.16.4.4/24 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[R4]
R5:
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R5
[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.2.14 30
May 13 2024 08:28:54-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.2.17 30
May 13 2024 08:29:10-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.17 30
[R5-LoopBack0]int l1
[R5-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.5.5 24
[R5-LoopBack1]q
[R5]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 172.16.2.14/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 172.16.2.17/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack0 172.16.0.17/30 up up(s)
LoopBack1 172.16.5.5/24 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[R5]
R6:
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R6
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.2.18 30
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 13 2024 08:33:01-08:00 R6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.2.21 30
May 13 2024 08:33:20-08:00 R6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.21 30
[R6-LoopBack0]int l1
[R6-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.6.6 24
[R6-LoopBack1]q
[R6]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 172.16.2.18/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 172.16.2.21/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack0 172.16.0.21/30 up up(s)
LoopBack1 172.16.6.6/24 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[R6]
R7:
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R7
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.2.22 30
May 13 2024 08:35:06-08:00 R7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.2.26 30
May 13 2024 08:37:31-08:00 R7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 34.1.1.7 24
May 13 2024 08:37:46-08:00 R7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[4]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.25 30
[R7-LoopBack0]int l1
[R7-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.7.7 24
[R7-LoopBack1]q
[R7]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 6
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 0
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 6
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 0
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 172.16.2.22/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 172.16.2.26/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 34.1.1.7/24 up up
LoopBack0 172.16.0.25/30 up up(s)
LoopBack1 172.16.7.7/24 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[R7]
R8:
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R8
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.1.1.8 24
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 13 2024 08:40:18-08:00 R8 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.29 30
[R8-LoopBack0]int l1
[R8-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.2.8 24
[R8-LoopBack1]q
[R8]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 34.1.1.8/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 unassigned down down
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack0 172.16.0.29/30 up up(s)
LoopBack1 192.168.2.8/24 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[R8]
3，使用ospf协议实现内网通：
[R2]ospf 1 r
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]a 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
[R3]ospf 1 r
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
[R4]ospf 1 r
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]a 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
[R5]ospf 1 r
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
[R6]ospf 1 r
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
[R7]ospf 1 r
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
查看：
4，配置BGP协议：
R1：
[R1]bgp 1
[R1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as
[R1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as-number 2
[R1-bgp]
R2：
[R2]bgp 64512
[R2-bgp]confederation id 2
[R2-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[R2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as 1
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.9 as-number 64512
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.9 connect-interface l0
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.9 next-hop-local
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.2.14 as 64513
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.2.14 next-hop-local
R3：
[R3]bgp 64512
[R3-bgp]confederation id 2
[R3-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 as 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 connect-interface l0
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.13 as 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.13 connect-interface l0
R4：
[R4]bgp 64512
[R4-bgp]confederation id 2
[R4-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.9 as 64512
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.9 connect-interface l0
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.9 next-hop-local
R5：
[R5]bgp 64513
[R5-bgp]confederation id 2
[R5-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.13 as 64512
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.13 next-hop-local
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.21 as 64513
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.21 connect-interface l0
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.21 next-hop-local
R6：
[R6]bgp 64513
[R6-bgp]confederation id 2
[R6-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.17 as 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.17 connect-interface l0
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.25 as 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.25 connect-interface l0
R7：
[R7]bgp 64513
[R7-bgp]confederation id 2
[R7-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.21 as 64513
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.21 connect-interface l0
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.21 next-hop-local
[R7-bgp]peer 34.1.1.8 as 3
R8：
[R8]bgp 3
[R8-bgp]peer 34.1.1.7 as 2
查看建邻情况：
BGP反射器
R3：
[R3]bgp 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.13 reflect-client
R6：
[R6]bgp 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.25 reflect-client
测试：
将R1中的172.16.0.0/30网段宣告进入bgp协议中，看其他路由器能否收到该条路由：
[R1]bgp 1
[R1-bgp]net 172.16.0.0 30
此时完成BGP配置！！
宣告网段达成全网通：
上面R1的网段已经宣告
R2:
[R2]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0
[R2]bgp 64512
[R2-bgp]net 172.16.0.0 16
R7：
[R7]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0
[R7]bgp 64513
[R7-bgp]net 172.16.0.0 16
R8：
[R8]bgp 3
[R8-bgp]net 172.16.0.28 30
直接使用这个IP可以实现路由聚合的功能，简单易行。
测试：
此时已达成全网通！！！
配置VPN隧道
因为需要让R1的业务网段仅能与R8的业务网段沟通，故构建一条VPN隧道。
这里使用10.1.1.0/24网段来给隧道IP：
R1:
[R1]int t
[R1]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.1 24
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]source 172.16.0.1
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 172.16.0.29
May 13 2024 09:33:17-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 Tunnel 0/0/0
[R1]
R8:
[R8]int t
[R8]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.8 24
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]source 172.16.0.29
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 172.16.0.1
May 13 2024 09:35:02-08:00 R8 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 t
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 Tunnel 0/0/0
[R8]
测试：
测试成功，配置完成！！！
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