WinAPI: ShellExecute - 打开外部程序或文件

ShellExecute(
  hWnd: HWND;        {指定父窗口句柄}
  Operation: PChar;  {指定动作, 譬如: open、print}
  FileName: PChar;   {指定要打开的文件或程序}
  Parameters: PChar; {给要打开的程序指定参数; 如果打开的是文件这里应该是 nil}
  Directory: PChar;  {缺省目录}
  ShowCmd: Integer   {打开选项}
): HINST;            {执行成功会返回应用程序句柄; 如果这个值 <= 32, 表示执行错误}

//返回值可能的错误有:
                                                        = 0   {内存不足}
ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND   = 2;  {文件名错误}
ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND   = 3;  {路径名错误}
ERROR_BAD_FORMAT       = 11; {EXE 文件无效}
SE_ERR_SHARE           = 26; {发生共享错误}
SE_ERR_ASSOCINCOMPLETE = 27; {文件名不完全或无效}
SE_ERR_DDETIMEOUT      = 28; {超时}
SE_ERR_DDEFAIL         = 29; {DDE 事务失败}
SE_ERR_DDEBUSY         = 30; {正在处理其他 DDE 事务而不能完成该 DDE 事务}
SE_ERR_NOASSOC         = 31; {没有相关联的应用程序}

//ShowCmd 参数可选值:
SW_HIDE            = 0;  {隐藏}
SW_SHOWNORMAL      = 1;  {用最近的大小和位置显示, 激活}
SW_NORMAL          = 1;  {同 SW_SHOWNORMAL}
SW_SHOWMINIMIZED   = 2;  {最小化, 激活}
SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED   = 3;  {最大化, 激活}
SW_MAXIMIZE        = 3;  {同 SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED}
SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE  = 4;  {用最近的大小和位置显示, 不激活}
SW_SHOW            = 5;  {同 SW_SHOWNORMAL}
SW_MINIMIZE        = 6;  {最小化, 不激活}
SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE = 7;  {同 SW_MINIMIZE}
SW_SHOWNA          = 8;  {同 SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE}
SW_RESTORE         = 9;  {同 SW_SHOWNORMAL}
SW_SHOWDEFAULT     = 10; {同 SW_SHOWNORMAL}
SW_MAX             = 10; {同 SW_SHOWNORMAL}

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//举例说明更多问题(别忘了 uses ShellAPI;):

{譬如用记事本打开一个文件}
begin
  ShellExecute(Handle, 'open', 'notepad.exe', 'C:\WINDOWS\SchedLgU.Txt', nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
end;
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{第一个参数是用来当作错误提示窗口的父窗口的, 不能是 nil, 可以是 0(也就是桌面窗口)}
begin
  ShellExecute(0, 'open', 'notepad.exe', 'C:\WINDOWS\SchedLgU.Txt', nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
end;
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{第二个参数如果是 nil, 也会默认位 open}
begin
  ShellExecute(0, nil, 'notepad.exe', 'C:\WINDOWS\SchedLgU.Txt', nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
end;
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{文件路径可以放在参数五}
begin
  ShellExecute(0, nil, 'notepad.exe', 'SchedLgU.Txt', 'C:\WINDOWS', SW_SHOWNORMAL);
end;
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{把参数三直接指定为要打开的文件, 文件将用对应默认程序打开; 次数参数四应为 nil}
begin
  ShellExecute(0, nil, 'SchedLgU.Txt', nil, 'C:\WINDOWS', SW_SHOWNORMAL);
end;
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{如果文件在: 程序目录/当前目录/System32/Windows/PATH环境变量中, 参数五也可以 nil}
begin
  ShellExecute(0, nil, 'SchedLgU.Txt', nil, nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
end;
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{如果参数三是个文件, 可以用参数二命令打印}
begin
  ShellExecute(0, 'print', 'SchedLgU.Txt', nil, nil, 1);
end;
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{用 IE 打开网页}
begin
  ShellExecute(Handle, 'open', 'IExplore.EXE', 'about:blank', nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
end;
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{用火狐打开网页}
begin
  ShellExecute(Handle, 'open', 'firefox.exe', 'about:blank', nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL); 
end;
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{用默认浏览器打开网页}
begin
  ShellExecute(Handle, 'open', 'Explorer.exe', 'about:blank', nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
end;
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{还是用默认浏览器打开网页}
begin
  ShellExecute(0, nil, 'http://del.cnblogs.com', nil, nil, 1);
end;

Q: 如何打开一个应用程序？

 ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","calc.exe","","", SW_SHOW );
或 ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","notepad.exe",
    "c:\\MyLog.log","",SW_SHOW );

正如您所看到的，我并没有传递程序的完整路径。
Q: 如何打开一个同系统程序相关连的文档？ 

ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","c:\\abc.txt","","",SW_SHOW );

Q: 如何打开一个网页？ 

ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","http://www.google.com","","", SW_SHOW );

Q: 如何激活相关程序，发送EMAIL？ 

ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","mailto:nishinapp@yahoo.com","","", SW_SHOW );

Q: 如何用系统打印机打印文档？ 

ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"print","c:\\abc.txt","","", SW_HIDE);

Q: 如何用系统查找功能来查找指定文件？ 

ShellExecute(m_hWnd,"find","d:\\nish", NULL,NULL,SW_SHOW);

Q: 如何启动一个程序，直到它运行结束？ 

SHELLEXECUTEINFO ShExecInfo = {0};
ShExecInfo.cbSize = sizeof(SHELLEXECUTEINFO);
ShExecInfo.fMask = SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS;
ShExecInfo.hwnd = NULL;
ShExecInfo.lpVerb = NULL;
ShExecInfo.lpFile = "c:\\MyProgram.exe";		
ShExecInfo.lpParameters = "";	
ShExecInfo.lpDirectory = NULL;
ShExecInfo.nShow = SW_SHOW;
ShExecInfo.hInstApp = NULL;	
ShellExecuteEx(&ShExecInfo);
WaitForSingleObject(ShExecInfo.hProcess,INFINITE);

或： 

PROCESS_INFORMATION ProcessInfo; 
STARTUPINFO StartupInfo; //This is an [in] parameter
ZeroMemory(&StartupInfo, sizeof(StartupInfo));
StartupInfo.cb = sizeof StartupInfo ; //Only compulsory field
if(CreateProcess("c:\\winnt\\notepad.exe", NULL, 
    NULL,NULL,FALSE,0,NULL,
    NULL,&StartupInfo,&ProcessInfo))
{ 
    WaitForSingleObject(ProcessInfo.hProcess,INFINITE);
    CloseHandle(ProcessInfo.hThread);
    CloseHandle(ProcessInfo.hProcess);
}  
else
{
    MessageBox("The process could not be started...");
}

Q: 如何显示文件或文件夹的属性？ 

SHELLEXECUTEINFO ShExecInfo ={0};
ShExecInfo.cbSize = sizeof(SHELLEXECUTEINFO);
ShExecInfo.fMask = SEE_MASK_INVOKEIDLIST ;
ShExecInfo.hwnd = NULL;
ShExecInfo.lpVerb = "properties";
ShExecInfo.lpFile = "c:\\"; //can be a file as well
ShExecInfo.lpParameters = ""; 
ShExecInfo.lpDirectory = NULL;
ShExecInfo.nShow = SW_SHOW;
ShExecInfo.hInstApp = NULL; 
ShellExecuteEx(&ShExecInfo);