首先在jsp页面要展示生成的验证码,代码如下:
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/CheckCodeServlet" method="post">
请输入验证码:<input type="text" name="code">
<input type="submit" value="确定">
</form>
<img alt="验证码" id="scode" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/ImageServlet" >
<a href="#" οnclick="javascript:flushCode();">看不清?</a>
<script type="text/javascript">
function flushCode() {
// 每次刷新的时候获取当前时间,防止浏览器缓存刷新失败
var time = new Date();
document.getElementById("scode").src = "${pageContext.request.contextPath }/ImageServlet?time=" + time;
}
</script>
然后需要在Servlet写一个生成验证码的案例,如果使用ssm框架,只需改变请求路径
以下是在Servlet中,代码如下:
@WebServlet("/ImageServlet")
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
// 图片高度
private static final int IMG_HEIGHT = 100;
// 图片宽度
private static final int IMG_WIDTH = 30;
// 验证码长度
private static final int CODE_LEN = 4;
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 用于绘制图片,设置图片的长宽和图片类型(RGB)
BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(IMG_HEIGHT, IMG_WIDTH, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
// 获取绘图工具
Graphics graphics = bi.getGraphics();
graphics.setColor(new Color(100, 230, 200)); // 使用RGB设置背景颜色
graphics.fillRect(0, 0, 100, 30); // 填充矩形区域
// 验证码中所使用到的字符
char[] codeChar = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456".toCharArray();
String captcha = ""; // 存放生成的验证码
Random random = new Random();
for(int i = 0; i < CODE_LEN; i++) { // 循环将每个验证码字符绘制到图片上
int index = random.nextInt(codeChar.length);
// 随机生成验证码颜色
graphics.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(150), random.nextInt(200), random.nextInt(255)));
// 将一个字符绘制到图片上,并制定位置(设置x,y坐标)
graphics.drawString(codeChar[index] + "", (i * 20) + 15, 20);
captcha += codeChar[index];
}
// 将生成的验证码code放入sessoin中
req.getSession().setAttribute("code", captcha);
// 通过ImageIO将图片输出
ImageIO.write(bi, "JPG", resp.getOutputStream());
}
}
最后需要验证输入的验证码是否保持一致,并且不区分大小写:
@WebServlet("/CheckCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取存放在session中的验证码
String code = (String) req.getSession().getAttribute("code");
// 获取页面提交的验证码
String inputCode = req.getParameter("code");
if(code.toLowerCase().equals(inputCode.toLowerCase())) {// 验证码不区分大小写
// 验证成功,跳转到成功页面
req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req, resp);
} else { // 验证失败
req.getRequestDispatcher("/fail.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
}
}