C++ primer P318

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>

using namespace std;

// opens in binding it to the given file
ifstream& open_file(ifstream &in, const string &file)
{
	in.close();		// close in case it was already open
	in.clear();		// clear any existing errors
	// if the open fails, the stream will be in an invalid state
	in.open(file.c_str());	// open the file we were given
	return in;		// condition state is good if open succeeded
}

/*
 * A program to transform words .
 * Takes two arguments: The first is name of the word transformation file
 *			The second is name of the input to transform
 */
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	// map to hold the word transformation pairs:
	// key is the word to look for in the input; value is word to use in the output
	map<string, string> trans_map;
	string key, value;
	if (argc != 3)
		throw runtime_error("wrong number of arguments");
	// open transformation file and check that open succeeded
	ifstream map_file;
	if (!open_file(map_file, argv[1]))
		throw runtime_error("no transformation file");
	// read the transformation map and build the map
	while (map_file >> key >>value)
		trans_map.insert(make_pair(key, value));
	// ok,now we're ready to do the transformations
	// open the input file and check that the open succeeded
	ifstream input;
	if (!open_file(input, argv[2]))
		throw runtime_error("no input file");
	string line;	// hold each line from the input
	// read the text to transform it a line at a time
	while (getline(input, line))
	{
		istringstream stream(line);	// read the line a word at a time
		string word;
		bool firstword = true;		// controls whether a space is printed
		while (stream >> word)
		{
			// ok: the actual mapwork,this part is the heart of the program
			map<string, string>::const_iterator map_it = trans_map.find(word);
			// is this word is in the transformation map
			if (map_it != trans_map.end())
				// replace it by the transformation value in the map
				word = map_it->second;
			if (firstword)
				firstword = false;
			else
				cout << " ";	// print space between words
			cout << word;
		}
		cout << endl;		// done with this line of input
	}
	return 0;
}