J2SE之反射

Java的反射机制支持通过类的名称获取类定义对应的字节码类（Class），通过字节码类可以获取类的构造函数、字段、方法。并且可以通过构造函数创建实例，可以操作指定类实例的字段，可以调用指定类实例的方法。反射不仅可以操作类的公有成员，也支持操作类的私有成员。总结说来，Java的反射机制有些类似C中的dlopen等操作.so的功能，支持程序运行中的动态扩展，广泛应用于框架类的开发。

例子：

反射构造方法

原类构造方法

public Teacher() {
    this.name = "default name";
    this.age = 18;
    System.out.println("无参构造函数");
}

public Teacher(String name, int age) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    System.out.println("有参构造函数");
}

private Teacher(String name) {
    this.name = name;
    System.out.println("私有构造函数");
}

反射类方法

@Test
public void refConstructor1() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException,
        IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
    // 方式一
    Teacher teacher = (Teacher) Class.forName(className).newInstance();

    // 方式二
    Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
    Constructor c = clazz.getConstructor(null);
    c.newInstance(null);
}

@Test
public void refConstructor2() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
    Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
    Constructor c = clazz.getConstructor(String.class, int.class);
    c.newInstance("legend",32);
}

@Test
public void refConstructor3() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{
    Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
    Constructor c = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
    c.setAccessible(true);
    c.newInstance("legend");
}

其中，Class.forName就是通过类的名称获取到类的字节码的方法。

---

反射字段

原类字段

public String name;
private int age;

反射类方法

@Test
public void refField() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException{
    Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
    Teacher teacher = new Teacher();

    Field f1 = clazz.getField("name");
    System.out.println(f1.get(teacher));

    Field f2 = clazz.getDeclaredField("age");
    f2.setAccessible(true);
    System.out.println(f2.get(teacher));
}

---

反射方法

原类方法

public void teach(String className) {
    System.out.println("有参数方法");
}

public void teach(String[] className) {
    System.out.println("有参数方法");
}

public String getName() {
    System.out.println("有返回值方法");
    return this.name;
}

public static void teach() {
    System.out.println("静态方法");
}

private void teach(String className, int cycNum) {
    System.out.println("私有有参方法");
}

反射类方法

@Test
public void refMethod() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{
    Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
    Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
    Method m = clazz.getMethod("teach", String.class);
    m.invoke(teacher, "English");
}

@Test
public void refMethod1() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{
    Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
    Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
    Method m = clazz.getMethod("teach", String[].class);
    m.invoke(teacher, new Object[]{new String[]{"123","456"}});
}

@Test
public void refMethod2() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{
    Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
    Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
    Method m = clazz.getMethod("getName", null);
    System.out.println(m.invoke(teacher, null));
}

@Test
public void refMethod3() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{
    Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
    Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
    Method m = clazz.getMethod("teach", null);
    m.invoke(null, null);
}

@Test
public void refMethod4() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{
    Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
    Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
    Method m = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("teach", String.class,int.class);
    m.setAccessible(true);
    m.invoke(teacher, "Englist",20);
}

---

反射main方法

原类方法

public static void main(String[] args){
    System.out.println("main函数");
}

反射类方法

@Test
public void refMain() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{
    Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
    Method m = clazz.getMethod("main", String[].class);
    m.invoke(null, new Object[]{new String[]{"aa","bb","cc"}});
}