image、file、url、blob、canvas之间的转换关系

转化关系图

api

file2DataUrl(file, callback)
通过input将file转为base64 的图片url

function file2DataUrl(file, callback) {
  var reader = new FileReader();
  reader.onload = function () {
    callback(reader.result);
  };
  reader.readAsDataURL(file);
}

file2Image(file, callback)
将file转为页面img

function file2Image(file, callback) {
  var image = new Image();
  var URL = window.webkitURL || window.URL;
  if (URL) {
    var url = URL.createObjectURL(file);
    image.onload = function() {
      callback(image);
      window.revokeObjectURL(url);
    };
    image.src = url;
  } else {
    inputFile2DataUrl(file, function(dataUrl) {
      image.onload = function() {
        callback(image);
      }
      image.src = dataUrl;
    });
  }
}

url2Image(url, callback)
将url转为img元素

function url2Image(url, callback) {
  var image = new Image();
  image.src = url;
  image.onload = function() {
    callback(image);
  }
}

image2Canvas(image)
将image转为canvas

function image2Canvas(image) {
  var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
  var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
  canvas.width = image.naturalWidth;
  canvas.height = image.naturalHeight;
  ctx.drawImage(image, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
  return canvas;
}

** canvas2DataUrl(canvas, quality, type)
**
将canvas转化为base64链接,同时可以压缩

function canvas2DataUrl(canvas, quality, type) {
  return canvas.toDataURL(type || 'image/jpeg', quality || 0.8);
}

dataUrl2Image(dataUrl, callback)
图片链接转为img元素

function dataUrl2Image(dataUrl, callback) {
  var image = new Image();
  image.onload = function() {
    callback(image);
  };
  image.src = dataUrl;
}

dataUrl2Blob(dataUrl, type)
将data url转为Blob对象。
先将 data URL 数据（data） 部分提取出来，用 atob 对经过 base64 编码的字符串进行解码，再转化成 Unicode 编码，存储在Uint8Array（8位无符号整型数组，每个元素是一个字节） 类型数组，最终转化成 Blob 对象。

function dataUrl2Blob(dataUrl, type) {
  var data = dataUrl.split(',')[1];
  var mimePattern = /^data:(.*?)(;base64)?,/;
  var mime = dataUrl.match(mimePattern)[1];
  var binStr = atob(data);
  var arr = new Uint8Array(len);

  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    arr[i] = binStr.charCodeAt(i);
  }
  return new Blob([arr], {type: type || mime});
}

canvas2Blob(canvas, callback, quality, type)
将canvas转为Blob，可压缩

function canvas2Blob(canvas, callback, quality, type){
  canvas.toBlob(function(blob) {
    callback(blob);
  }, type || 'image/jpeg', quality || 0.8);
}

blob2DataUrl(blob, callback)

function blob2DataUrl(blob, callback) {
  file2DataUrl(blob, callback);
}

blob2Image(blob, callback)

function blob2Image(blob, callback) {
  file2Image(blob, callback);
}

upload(url, file, callback)
上传图片,FormData +XHR ：

function upload(url, file, callback) {
  var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
  var fd = new FormData();
  fd.append('file', file);
  xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
    if (xhr.readyState === 4 && xhr.status === 200) {
      // 上传成功
      callback && callback(xhr.responseText);
    } else {
      throw new Error(xhr);
    }
  }
  xhr.open('POST', url, true);
  xhr.send(fd);
}

FileReader+XHR ：

function upload(url, file) {
  var reader = new FileReader();
  var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();

  xhr.open('POST', url, true);
  xhr.overrideMimeType('text/plain; charset=x-user-defined-binary');

  reader.onload = function() {
    xhr.send(reader.result);
  };
  reader.readAsBinaryString(file);
}