Hibernate注解开发

Hibernate注解开发通过实现JPA（Java Persistence API）规范，使用注解和配置文件进行开发。

PO类注解配置
用 @Entity定义实体类，@Table描述表与实体类的关系，@Id声明主键，@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.)用于设置主键生成策略，如果要使用uuid等Hibernate框架的主键生成策略，要先使用@GeneraticGenerator(name="myuuid",strategy="uuid")，再@GeneratedValue(generator="myuuid")，默认相当于native。@Column用来定义列，@Temporoal用来声明日期，最后要在hibernate.cfg.xml中配置PO的映射。例子：

@Entity//定义实体类
@Table(name="t_book",catalog="hibernatetest")
public class Book {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer id;
    @Column(name="name",length=255,nullable=true) 
    private String name;
    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
    private Date publicationDate;
//  @Type(type="double")
    private Double price;

@Entity
@Table(name="t_person",catalog="hibernateTest")
public class Person {

    @Id
    @GenericGenerator(name="myuuid",strategy="uuid")
    @GeneratedValue(generator="myuuid")
    private String id;
    @Type(type="string")
    private String name;
    @Transient
    private Date birthday ;

        <mapping  class="domain.annocation.Book"/>
        <mapping  class="domain.annocation.Person"/>

test

@Test
    public void test1(){
        Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
        session.beginTransaction();
        Book book = new Book();
        book.setName("挪威的森林");
        book.setPrice(23.5d);
        book.setPublicationDate(new Date());
        Person person = new  Person();
        person.setName("直子");
        person.setBirthday(new Date());
        session.save(book);
        session.save(person);
        session.getTransaction().commit();
        session.close();

    }

---

一对多

以昨天的Customer和Order为例，

@Entity
@Table(name="t_customer",catalog="hibernatetest")
public class Customer {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    @OneToMany(targetEntity=Order.class,mappedBy="c",cascade=CascadeType.ALL,orphanRemoval=true)
    private Set<Order> orders = new HashSet<>();

@Entity
@Table(name="t_order",catalog="hibernatetest")
public class Order {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer id;
    private Double money;
    private String receiveInfo;
    @ManyToOne(targetEntity=Customer.class)
    @JoinColumn(name="customer_id")
    private Customer c;

Customer c = new Customer();
        c.setName("绿子");
        Order o1 = new Order();
        Order o2 = new Order();
        o1.setMoney(12d);
        o2.setMoney(21d);
        o1.setReceiveInfo("东京");
        o2.setReceiveInfo("大阪");
        o1.setC(c);
        o2.setC(c);
        c.getOrders().add(o1);
        c.getOrders().add(o2);
        session.save(c);

结果

多对多
多对多的关系会产生一张中间表，我们用学生和老师为例，用@ManyToMany来配置多对多，只需要在一端配置中间表，另一端设置mappedBy来表示对外键的维护权。

@Entity
@Table(name="t_teac",catalog="hibernatetest")
public class Teacher {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    @ManyToMany(targetEntity=Student.class,mappedBy="teachers")
    private Set<Student> students = new HashSet<>();

@Entity
@Table(name="t_stu",catalog="hibernatetest")
public class Student {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer id;
    private String  name;
    @ManyToMany(targetEntity=Teacher.class)
    @JoinTable(name="s_t",joinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="student_id")},
                inverseJoinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="teacher_id")})
    @Cascade(CascadeType.ALL)//在Student中配置级联
    private Set<Teacher> teachers = new HashSet<>();

注意这里的Cascade和CascadeType都应该是org.hibernate.annotations包下的。
Test

@Test
    public void test3(){
        Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
        session.beginTransaction();
        Teacher t1 = new Teacher();
        Teacher t2 = new Teacher();
        t1.setName("teacher1");
        t2.setName("teacher2");
        Student s1 = new Student();
        Student s2 = new Student();
        s1.setName("student1");
        s2.setName("student2");
        s1.getTeachers().add(t1);
        s1.getTeachers().add(t2);
        s2.getTeachers().add(t1);
        s2.getTeachers().add(t2);       
        session.save(s1);
        session.save(s2);
        session.getTransaction().commit();
        session.close();
    }

结果

一对一
一对一映射分为两种，在任意一方添加外键的外键映射，还有直接通过一方的主键映射。

• 外键映射

  以公民和身份证为例：

@Entity
@Table(name="t_idcard",catalog="hibernatetest")
public class IDCard {
    @Id
    @GenericGenerator(name="i_uuid",strategy="uuid")
    @GeneratedValue(generator="i_uuid")
    private String id;
    private String cardNum;
    @OneToOne(targetEntity=Citizen.class)
    @JoinColumn(name="citizen_id")
    @Cascade(CascadeType.SAVE_UPDATE)

@Entity
@Table(name="t_citizen",catalog="hibernatetest")
public class Citizen {
    @Id
    @GenericGenerator(name="c_uuid",strategy="uuid")
    @GeneratedValue(generator="c_uuid")
    private String id;
    private String name;
    @OneToOne(targetEntity=IDCard.class,mappedBy="citizen")
    private IDCard idcard;

    @Test
    public void test4(){
        Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
        session.beginTransaction();
        Citizen citizen = new Citizen();
        citizen.setName("渡边");
        IDCard idcard = new IDCard();
        idcard.setCardNum("123321123212321123");
        idcard.setCitizen(citizen);
        session.save(idcard);
        session.getTransaction().commit();
        session.close();
    }

结果

• 主键映射

    @Id
    @GenericGenerator(name="i_uuid",strategy="uuid")
    @GeneratedValue(generator="i_uuid")
    private String id;
    private String cardNum;
    @OneToOne(targetEntity=Citizen.class)
    @JoinColumn(name="citizen_id")
    @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn
    @Cascade(CascadeType.SAVE_UPDATE)

@Id
    @GenericGenerator(name="myForeign",strategy="foreign",
    parameters={@Parameter(name="property",value="idcard")})
    @GeneratedValue(generator="myForeign")
    private String id;
    private String name;
    @OneToOne(targetEntity=IDCard.class,mappedBy="citizen")
    @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn
    private IDCard idcard;

@Test
    public void test5(){
        Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
        session.beginTransaction();
        Citizen citizen = new Citizen();
        citizen.setName("渡边");
        IDCard idcard = new IDCard();
        idcard.setCardNum("123321123212321123");
        idcard.setCitizen(citizen);
        citizen.setIdcard(idcard);//这里要做双向关联
        session.save(idcard);
        session.getTransaction().commit();
        session.close();
    }

结果