Mac MySql - 查看以及修改编码格式

卡尔特斯

已于 2022-12-27 14:24:50 修改

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分类专栏： Mysql 文章标签： mysql sql 数据库

于 2020-10-15 10:08:06 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zz00008888/article/details/109091534

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登录 - MySQL内部
mysql -u root -p

MySQL内部 - 查看数据库编码格式 （推荐用这个，我用的这个！）
show variables like 'character%';

MySQL内部 - 查看数据库编码格式 （这两个都可以查看数据库编码格式）
show variables like ‘collation%’;

按照上面两步我们会输出下面：

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                     |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_connection | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_database   | latin1                                                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                                    |
| character_set_results    | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_server     | latin1                                                    |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                      |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/local/mysql-5.7.28-macos10.14-x86_64/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

character_set_database 和 character_set_server 是 latin1 的字符集，也就是说 mysql 后续创建的表都是 latin1 字符集的，不是 utf8，会造成一些麻烦。
从以上信息可知数据库的编码为 latin1，需要修改为 gbk 或者是 utf8 ；
- character_set_client：为客户端编码方式；
- character_set_connection：为建立连接使用的编码；
- character_set_database：数据库的编码；
- character_set_results：结果集的编码；
- character_set_server：数据库服务器的编码；
- 只要保证以上五个采用的编码方式一样，就不会出现乱码问题。
  
  补充：新版本数据库默认编码格式是 utf8mb4，utf8mb4 比 utf8 多了 emoji 编码支持，建议普通表使用 utf8 如果这个表需要支持 emoji 就使用 utf8mb4，也可以全部用 utf8mb4。
想要修改编码, 就需要修改 mysql 的配置文件 my.cnf，将需要修改的字段放到配置文件中配置即可。
重要问题：在修改 my.cnf 之前一定要关闭 mysql 进程，关闭 mysql，不然会遇到 mysql 的 sock 不能连接的问题!
找到下面路径
```
/usr/local/mysql/support-files
```

默认情况下安装 Mysql 后不会生成my.cnf 配置文件，但是有些参数需要修改，比如：默认端口、最大连接数、大小写敏感等。

有些版本安装后可能会在 support-file 文件目录下生成 my-default.cnf 文件，如果有这个文件，可以自己复制该文件，并重命名为 my.cnf，如果没有就需要手动创建了，这边就是自己创建的，文件内容如下，供参考：

简陋版配置文件（如果默认编码格式是 utf8mb4，没特殊情况可以不需要修改编码格式）：

[mysqld]
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8
lower_case_table_names = 1
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306

[client]
default-character-set=utf8

字段参考配置文件

# Example MySQL config file for small systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used
# from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon
# doesn't use much resources.
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
#password = your_password
port        = 3306
socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
port        = 3306
socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock
lower_case_table_names = 1    # 是否对 sql 语句大小写敏感，1 表示不敏感，即不区分大小写
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16K
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 4
sort_buffer_size = 64K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
net_buffer_length = 2K
thread_stack = 256K   # 该字段根据需要修改，默认是128K，我的是因为启动报了这个字段的错导致启动失败，所以我改成256K了

# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (using the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
server-id   = 1
# Uncomment the following if you want to log updates
#log-bin=mysql-bin
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
#binlog_format=mixed
# Causes updates to non-transactional engines using statement format to be
# written directly to binary log. Before using this option make sure that
# there are no dependencies between transactional and non-transactional
# tables such as in the statement INSERT INTO t_myisam SELECT * FROM
# t_innodb; otherwise, slaves may diverge from the master.
#binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates=TRUE
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

保存之后，需要找到 /etc 路径, 将 my.cnf 复制贴贴到 /etc 这个目录下。可以直接通过快捷键 command + shift + G 前面文件:
```
/etc 
```
为什么要放 /etc 下，可以通过命令行查看 mysql 加载的 my.conf 是从哪些目录进行加载的
```
$ mysql --verbose --help | grep my.cnf

# 输出（只要符合一个路径就行）
order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
```
也可以自定义配置文件路径。

文件放好之后就重启 mysql，再次查看编码格式

MySQL内部 - 查看数据库编码格式 （推荐用这个，我用的这个！）
show variables like 'character%';

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                     |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_connection | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                                    |
| character_set_results    | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                      |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/local/mysql-5.7.28-macos10.14-x86_64/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+