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mysql -u root -p
MySQL内部 - 查看数据库编码格式 （推荐用这个，我用的这个！）
show variables like 'character%';
MySQL内部 - 查看数据库编码格式 （这两个都可以查看数据库编码格式）
show variables like ‘collation%’;
- 按照上面两步我们会输出下面：
mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql-5.7.28-macos10.14-x86_64/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
-
character_set_database和character_set_server是latin1的字符集，也就是说mysql后续创建的表都是latin1字符集的，不是utf8，会造成一些麻烦。 -
从以上信息可知数据库的编码为
latin1，需要修改为gbk或者是utf8；-
character_set_client：为客户端编码方式； -
character_set_connection：为建立连接使用的编码； -
character_set_database：数据库的编码； -
character_set_results：结果集的编码； -
character_set_server：数据库服务器的编码； -
只要保证以上五个采用的编码方式一样，就不会出现乱码问题。
补充：新版本数据库默认编码格式是
utf8mb4，utf8mb4比utf8多了emoji编码支持，建议普通表使用utf8如果这个表需要支持emoji就使用utf8mb4，也可以全部用utf8mb4。
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想要修改编码, 就需要修改
mysql的配置文件my.cnf，将需要修改的字段放到配置文件中配置即可。 -
重要问题：在修改
my.cnf之前一定要关闭mysql进程，关闭mysql，不然会遇到mysql的sock不能连接的问题! -
找到下面路径
/usr/local/mysql/support-files -
默认情况下安装
Mysql后不会生成my.cnf配置文件，但是有些参数需要修改，比如：默认端口、最大连接数、大小写敏感等。有些版本安装后可能会在
support-file文件目录下生成my-default.cnf文件，如果有这个文件，可以自己复制该文件，并重命名为my.cnf，如果没有就需要手动创建了，这边就是自己创建的，文件内容如下，供参考：-
简陋版配置文件（如果默认编码格式是
utf8mb4，没特殊情况可以不需要修改编码格式）：[mysqld] default-storage-engine=INNODB character-set-server=utf8 lower_case_table_names = 1 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock port = 3306 [client] default-character-set=utf8 -
字段参考配置文件
# Example MySQL config file for small systems. # # This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used # from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon # doesn't use much resources. # # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of # locations which depend on the deployment platform. # You can copy this option file to one of those # locations. For information about these locations, see: # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html # # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program # with the "--help" option. # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] default-character-set=utf8 #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld] default-storage-engine=INNODB character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock lower_case_table_names = 1 # 是否对 sql 语句大小写敏感，1 表示不敏感，即不区分大小写 skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 16K max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 4 sort_buffer_size = 64K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K net_buffer_length = 2K thread_stack = 256K # 该字段根据需要修改，默认是128K，我的是因为启动报了这个字段的错导致启动失败，所以我改成256K了 # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (using the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # #skip-networking server-id = 1 # Uncomment the following if you want to log updates #log-bin=mysql-bin # binary logging format - mixed recommended #binlog_format=mixed # Causes updates to non-transactional engines using statement format to be # written directly to binary log. Before using this option make sure that # there are no dependencies between transactional and non-transactional # tables such as in the statement INSERT INTO t_myisam SELECT * FROM # t_innodb; otherwise, slaves may diverge from the master. #binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates=TRUE # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables #innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size #innodb_log_file_size = 5M #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 8M sort_buffer_size = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout
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保存之后，需要找到
/etc路径, 将my.cnf复制贴贴到/etc这个目录下。可以直接通过快捷键command + shift + G前面文件:/etc为什么要放
/etc下，可以通过命令行查看mysql加载的my.conf是从哪些目录进行加载的$ mysql --verbose --help | grep my.cnf # 输出（只要符合一个路径就行） order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT, /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf也可以自定义配置文件路径。
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文件放好之后就重启
mysql，再次查看编码格式MySQL内部 - 查看数据库编码格式 （推荐用这个，我用的这个！） show variables like 'character%';mysql> show variables like 'character%'; +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql-5.7.28-macos10.14-x86_64/share/charsets/ | +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ -
到这里就编码格式就大功告成了！！！
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