int main()
{
int a, b, c;
a=5;
b=10;
b+=a;
c=b+a;
return 0;
}
然後用下面的指令去编辑这个程式∶
gcc -Wall -g -o test test.c
这样 gcc 就会 compile 一个叫做 test 的小程式.现在我们来用 gdb 看看这个小程式∶
gdb -q test
(gdb) l (这里用 l 指令,是 list 的简写）
1 int main()
2 {
3 int a, b, c;
4 a=5;
5 b=10;
6 b+=a;
7 c=b+a;
8 return 0;
9 }
（这时候你就可以看到程式的 source 了）
我们现在下一个 breakpoint,这个 breakpoint 将会在第二行,也就是 2 { 这里.
这样程式运行完 int main()以後,就会停下来.
(gdb) b 2 (b 就是 breakpoint 的简写啦)
Breakpoint 1 at 0x80483a0: file test.c, line 2.
现在来运行这个程式
(gdb) r (r是 run 的简写)
Starting program: /home/goldencat/study-area/goldencat/gdb/test
Breakpoint 1, main () at test.c:2
2 {
程式运行到这里,就停下来了.因为我们在这里设下了 breakpoint.
(gdb)n (n = next)
main () at test.c:4
4 a=5; (这里就跑到了第四行了)
(gdb) n
5 b=10;
(gdb) n
6 b+=a;
(gdb) n
7 c=b+a;
这时候我们来看看 b 的 value 是多少∶
(gdb) p b (p是print的简写,这里实际写成print b)
$1 = 15 (这里显示的就是 b 的 value, 以後要看 b, 直接用 p $1 也是一样的)
(这里的 $1 就是指向 b 的)
(gdb) n
8 return 0;
(gdb) p c
$2 = 20 (这里看到 c 的 value 是 20)
(gdb) c (c 是 continue 的意思,也就是说执行到程式的结束)
Continuing.
Program exited normally.
(gdb) q (这就结束 gdb 了 )
[goldencat@goldencat gdb]$ gdb -q test
(gdb) l
1 int main()
2 {
3 int a, b, c;
4 a=5;
5 b=10;
6 b+=a;
7 c=b+a;
8 return 0;
9 }
(gdb) b 2
Breakpoint 1 at 0x80483a0: file test.c, line 2.
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/goldencat/study-area/goldencat/gdb/test
Breakpoint 1, main () at test.c:2
2 {
(gdb) n
main () at test.c:4
4 a=5;
(gdb) display a (set display on)
1: a = 134517840
(gdb) n
5 b=10;
1: a = 5 (display a)
(gdb) n
6 b+=a;
1: a = 5 (display a)
(gdb) n
7 c=b+a;
1: a = 5 (display a)
(gdb) n
8 return 0;
1: a = 5 (display a)
(gdb) c
Continuing.
Program exited normally.
(gdb) q
(gdb) info display
Auto-display expressions now in effect:
Num Enb Expression
1: y b （这里的 y 就是说, display b 是 enable 的)
用 info break 就可以看到 breakpoint 的状况∶
(gdb) info break
Num Type Disp Enb Address What
1 breakpoint keep y 0x080483a0 in main at test.c:2
breakpoint already hit 1 time
(gdb)
利用 disable 和 enable 命令,可以赞时开启和这关闭一些命令.例如∶
(gdb) disable display 1
(gdb) info display
Auto-display expressions now in effect:
Num Enb Expression
1: n b (这里看到个 n, 也就是说, display b 已经被关闭了)
(gdb)
(gdb) disable break 1
(gdb) info break
Num Type Disp Enb Address What
1 breakpoint keep n 0x080483a0 in main at test.c:2
breakpoint already hit 1 time
(gdb) (这里看到,breakpoint也被用 disable break 1 给关闭了)
(gdb) info display Auto-display expressions now in effect: Num Enb Expression 3: y c 2: y b 1: y a
(gdb) disable display 2 (gdb) info display Auto-display expressions now in effect: Num Enb Expression 3: y c 2: n b (这里看到, b 已经关闭了) 1: y a
(gdb) disable display (gdb) info display Auto-display expressions now in effect: Num Enb Expression 3: n c 2: n b 1: n a (gdb)
(gdb) enable display 2 (gdb) info display Auto-display expressions now in effect: Num Enb Expression 3: n c 2: y b 1: n a (gdb) enable display (gdb) info display Auto-display expressions now in effect: Num Enb Expression 3: y c 2: y b 1: y a (gdb)
(gdb) delete display 1 (gdb) info display Auto-display expressions now in effect: Num Enb Expression 3: y c 2: y b (1 消失了) (gdb) delete display (全部 delete ) Delete all auto-display expressions? (y or n) y (要求确定一下) (gdb) info display There are no auto-display expressions now. (全部的 display 都被 delete 了) (gdb)
利用 attach process-id 和 detach 就可以去 debug 一个已经在 run 的程式了.
先用 ps aux 找出你要 debug 的程式的 process it. [goldencat@goldencat gdb]$ ps aux | grep ssh root 600 0.0 0.0 2248 0 ? SW 11:13 0:00 [sshd] goldenca 1182 0.0 0.7 2448 188 tty2 S 11:40 0:00 ssh 127.0.0.1 goldenca 2802 0.0 1.9 1904 528 pts/1 S 13:45 0:00 grep ssh 这里我们去 debug ssh 127.0.0.1 这个程式,这这程式的 process id 是 1182 [root@goldencat /root]# gdb -q 进入gdb (gdb) attach 1182 截入 process 1182 到 gdb 里面 Attaching to Pid 1182 0x401b615e in ?? () ...... ...... ...... 进行 debug ...... ...... (gdb) detach debug 完毕以後,记得要用 detach 这个命令 Detaching from program: , Pid 1182 这个命令就把刚刚 debug 的那个程式 release (gdb) q 掉了.
下面是个如何使用 gdb 中的 help 的范例∶ [goldencat@goldencat gdb]$ gdb -q (gdb) help List of classes of commands: aliases -- Aliases of other commands breakpoints -- Making program stop at certain points data -- Examining data files -- Specifying and examining files internals -- Maintenance commands obscure -- Obscure features running -- Running the program stack -- Examining the stack status -- Status inquiries support -- Support facilities tracepoints -- Tracing of program execution without stopping the program user-defined -- User-defined commands Type "help" followed by a class name for a list of commands in that class. Type "help" followed by command name for full documentation. Command name abbreviations are allowed if unambiguous. (gdb) help breakpoints Making program stop at certain points. List of commands: awatch -- Set a watchpoint for an expression break -- Set breakpoint at specified line or function catch -- Set catchpoints to catch events clear -- Clear breakpoint at specified line or function commands -- Set commands to be executed when a breakpoint is hit condition -- Specify breakpoint number N to break only if COND is true delete -- Delete some breakpoints or auto-display expressions disable -- Disable some breakpoints enable -- Enable some breakpoints hbreak -- Set a hardware assisted breakpoint ignore -- Set ignore-count of breakpoint number N to COUNT rbreak -- Set a breakpoint for all functions matching REGEXP rwatch -- Set a read watchpoint for an expression tbreak -- Set a temporary breakpoint tcatch -- Set temporary catchpoints to catch events thbreak -- Set a temporary hardware assisted breakpoint txbreak -- Set temporary breakpoint at procedure exit watch -- Set a watchpoint for an expression xbreak -- Set breakpoint at procedure exit Type "help" followed by command name for full documentation. Command name abbreviations are allowed if unambiguous. (gdb) help clear Clear breakpoint at specified line or function. Argument may be line number, function name, or "*" and an address. If line number is specified, all breakpoints in that line are cleared. If function is specified, breakpoints at beginning of function are cleared. If an address is specified, breakpoints at that address are cleared. With no argument, clears all breakpoints in the line that the selected frame is executing in. See also the "delete" command which clears breakpoints by number. (gdb) q
from: http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/9483/showart.php?id=57476
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