Linux非root用户安装rpm包

情况

使用root用户，因为权限足够大，所以做什么事都好弄

非root用户，权限低时，连yum install都没法使用，那怎么安装软件呢

安装rpm包

1、以安装wget工具为例

首先在windows浏览器上下载一个wget的rpm包

http://www.rpmfind.net/linux/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm

然后模拟离线安装

2、使用非root用户登录linux系统

# 尝试安装yumdownloader，不行的，需要root权限
[nim01@svngit root]$ yum install yumdownloader
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
You need to be root to perform this command.

# 尝试执行wget命令，不行，没有安装
[nim01@svngit root]$ wget
bash: wget: command not found

# 尝试安装wget，不行的，需要root权限
[nim01@svngit root]$ yum install wget
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
You need to be root to perform this command.

将我们下载的wget.***.rpm包，上传到linux系统中

Last login: Wed Dec  2 09:44:05 2020
[nim01@svngit ~]$ pwd
/home/nim01
# root已经安装lrzsz了，直接上传
[nim01@svngit ~]$ rz

[nim01@svngit ~]$ ll
total 548
-rw-r--r--. 1 nim01 nim01 560272 Dec  2  2020 wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm

3、安装rpm包

提取文件

# 执行下面指令，从安装包中提取文件
[nim01@svngit ~]$ rpm2cpio wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm | cpio -idvm
./etc/wgetrc
./usr/bin/wget
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/AUTHORS
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/COPYING
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/MAILING-LIST
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/NEWS
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/README
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/sample.wgetrc
./usr/share/info/wget.info.gz
./usr/share/locale/be/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/cs/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/da/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/el/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/en_GB/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/eo/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/et/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/eu/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/fi/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ga/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/gl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/he/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/hr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/hu/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/id/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/lt/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/nb/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/pt/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/pt_BR/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ro/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sk/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/tr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/uk/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/vi/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/man/man1/wget.1.gz
4030 blocks

查看

# 提取完之后，当前目录多了etc和usr两个目录
[nim01@svngit ~]$ ll
total 548
drwxrwxr-x. 2 nim01 nim01     20 Dec  2 10:13 etc
drwxrwxr-x. 4 nim01 nim01     30 Dec  2 10:13 usr
-rw-r--r--. 1 nim01 nim01 560272 Dec  2  2020 wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm

查看

# 进入usr/bin目录，可以看到可执行的wget文件
[nim01@svngit ~]$ cd usr/
[nim01@svngit usr]$ ll
total 0
drwxrwxr-x. 2 nim01 nim01 18 Dec  2 10:13 bin
drwxrwxr-x. 6 nim01 nim01 54 Dec  2 10:13 share
[nim01@svngit usr]$ cd bin/
[nim01@svngit bin]$ ll
total 412
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 nim01 nim01 418776 May 16  2019 wget

4、设置环境变量

在家目录中，直接编辑.bashrc文件，增加可执行程序的路径到系统PATH中
这样，可以直接执行wget指令了

# .bashrc

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
        . /etc/bashrc
fi

# Uncomment the following line if you don't like systemctl's auto-paging feature:
# export SYSTEMD_PAGER=

# User specific aliases and functions

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/usr/bin

保存退出后

# 执行source，让修改生效
[nim01@svngit ~]$ source .bashrc
# 执行wget，可正常使用
[nim01@svngit ~]$ wget
wget: missing URL
Usage: wget [OPTION]... [URL]...

Try `wget --help' for more options.