多态的应用实际举例

多态的应用

1.多态数组：数组的定义类型为父类类型，里面保存的实际元素类型为子类类型

2.多态参数：方法定义的形参类型为父类类型，实参允许为子类类型

public class Homework13 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student = new Student("小明", '男', 15, "00023102");
        student.printInfo();

        System.out.println("=======================");
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher("老王", '男', 30, 5);
        teacher.printInfo();

        //多态数组：数组的定义类型为父类类型，里面保存的实际元素类型为子类类型

        Person[] persons = new Person[4];
        persons[0] = new Student("jack", '男', 10 , "0001");
        persons[1] = new Student("mary", '女', 20, "0002");
        persons[2] = new Teacher("smith", '男', 36, 5);
        persons[3] = new Teacher("scoot", '男', 26, 1);

        Homework13 homework13 = new Homework13();
        homework13.bubbleSort(persons);

        //输出排序后的数组
        System.out.println("-----------排序后的数组-----------------");
        for (int i = 0; i < persons.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(persons[i]);
        }

        //遍历数组，调用test方法
        System.out.println("========================");
        for (int i = 0; i < persons.length; i++) {//遍历多态数组
            homework13.test(persons[i]);
        }
    }

    //多态参数：方法定义的形参类型为父类类型，实参允许为子类类型。

    //定义方法，形参为Person类型，功能：调用学生的study或教师的teach方法
    //分析这里会使用到向下转型和类型判断
    public void test(Person p ){
        if (p instanceof Student){
            ((Student) p).study();
        }else if (p instanceof Teacher){
            ((Teacher) p).teach();
        }else {
            System.out.println("什么都不做！");
        }

    }

    public void bubbleSort(Person[] persons){
        Person tmp = null;
        for (int i = 0; i < persons.length - 1; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < persons.length - 1 - i; j++) {
                //年龄从大到小输出
                if (persons[j].getAge() < persons[j + 1].getAge()) {
                    tmp = persons[j];
                    persons[j] = persons[j + 1];
                    persons[j + 1] = tmp;
                }
            }

        }
    }
}

class Person{
    private String name;
    private char gender;
    private int age;

    public Person(String name, char gender, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", gender=" + gender +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public String basicInfo(){
        return "姓名：" + name + "\n年龄：" + age + "\n性别：" + gender;
    }

    public String play(){
        return name + "爱玩";
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public char getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(char gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

class Student extends Person{
    private String stu_id;

    public void study() {
        System.out.println(getName() + "承诺，我会认真学习！");
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "stu_id='" + stu_id + '\'' +
                '}' + super.toString();
    }

    public void printInfo(){
        System.out.println("学生的信息：");
        System.out.println(basicInfo());
        System.out.println("学号：" + stu_id);
        study();
        System.out.println(play());
    }

    @Override
    public String play() {
        return super.play() + "足球";
    }

    public Student(String name, char gender, int age, String stu_id) {
        super(name, gender, age);
        this.stu_id = stu_id;
    }

    public String getStu_id() {
        return stu_id;
    }

    public void setStu_id(String stu_id) {
        this.stu_id = stu_id;
    }
}

class Teacher extends Person{
    private int work_age;

    public void teach() {
        System.out.println(getName() + "承诺，我会认真教学！");
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Teacher{" +
                "work_age=" + work_age +
                '}' + super.toString();
    }

    public void printInfo(){
        System.out.println("老师的信息：");
        System.out.println(basicInfo());
        System.out.println("工龄：" + work_age);
        teach();
        System.out.println(play());
    }

    @Override
    public String play() {
        return super.play() + "象棋";
    }

    public Teacher(String name, char gender, int age, int work_age) {
        super(name, gender, age);
        this.work_age = work_age;
    }

    public int getWork_age() {
        return work_age;
    }

    public void setWork_age(int work_age) {
        this.work_age = work_age;
    }
}