bash 命令行配置
- 提示符
PS1='\[\e[90m\][\[\e[7;97m\]\w\[\e[0m\]\[\e[90m\]]$\[\e[0m\] \[\e[37;0m\]'
PROMPT_DIRTRIM=4
工具
-
The Silver Searcher & ripgrep & vim8.2
服务器环境[~]$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS
Release: 14.04
Codename: trusty非root用户下, 怎么安装命令, 怎么配置自动补全, 怎么配置才能查看命令的man帮助手册? 整个配置和bin文件见文件末尾
总体思路: 安装同样版本的虚拟机, 下载相应命令的源码, 在虚拟机上编译好的拿到服务器上.
编译好的文件拿到服务器端的操作:
bin文件添加到本地目录: ~/.local/bin/ag
非root用户添加自动补全: ~/.bash_completion
自动补全脚本
[~/.local]$ cat ~/.bash_completion
# set own auto-completion
. ~/.local/share/bash-completion/ag.bashcomp.sh
. ~/.local/share/bash-completion/rg.bash添加man帮助手册 : ~/.local/bin/share/man/man1/ag.1,
vim的man手册要放在两个位置, 一个在 ~/.local/bin/share/man/man1 下, 一个在 ~/.local/share 下, 从 ~/.local/bin/share/man/man1/vim.1 可以看出具体的man帮助路劲.
vim帮助手册目录
[~/.local/bin/share/man/man1]$ ls
ag.1 evim.1 ex.1 rg.1 rview.1 rvim.1 view.1 vim.1 vimdiff.1 vimtutor.1 xxd.1
[~/.local/share/vim/vim82]$ ls
autoload compiler doc ftoff.vim ftplugof.vim indent.vim lang mswin.vim plugin scripts.vim syntax vimrc_example.vim
bugreport.vim defaults.vim evim.vim ftplugin gvimrc_example.vim indoff.vim macros optwin.vim print spell tools
colors delmenu.vim filetype.vim ftplugin.vim indent keymap menu.vim pack rgb.txt synmenu.vim tutor
[~/.local/share/vim/vim82]$ cd ../../
[~/.local/share]$ ls
bash-completion man vim总的目录结构
[~/.local]$ tree -L 3
.
├── bin
│ ├── ag
│ ├── ex -> vim
│ ├── rg
│ ├── rview -> vim
│ ├── rvim -> vim
│ ├── share
│ │ └── man
│ ├── view -> vim
│ ├── vim
│ ├── vimdiff -> vim
│ ├── vimtutor
│ └── xxd
└── share
├── bash-completion
│ ├── ag.bashcomp.sh
│ └── rg.bash
├── man
│ ├── da
│ ├── da.ISO8859-1
│ ├── da.UTF-8
│ ├── de
│ ├── de.ISO8859-1
│ ├── de.UTF-8
│ ├── fr
│ ├── fr.ISO8859-1
│ ├── fr.UTF-8
│ ├── it
│ ├── it.ISO8859-1
│ ├── it.UTF-8
│ ├── ja
│ ├── man1
│ ├── pl
│ ├── pl.ISO8859-2
│ ├── pl.UTF-8
│ ├── ru.KOI8-R
│ ├── ru.UTF-8
│ ├── tr
│ ├── tr.ISO8859-9
│ └── tr.UTF-8
└── vim
└── vim82
30 directories, 12 files创建软连接: ln -s ~/.local/bin ~/.bin
添加环境变量: 在~/.bashrc中添加一行 PATH=~/.bin/:$PATH
[~/build_scripts]$ vim --version
VIM - Vi IMproved 8.2 (2019 Dec 12, compiled Oct 18 2020 00:36:22)
Included patches: 1-1855
Compiled by zouzhibenosc@comsz01078177
Huge version without GUI. Features included (+) or not (-):
+acl -farsi +mouse_sgr +tag_binary
+arabic +file_in_path -mouse_sysmouse -tag_old_static
+autocmd +find_in_path +mouse_urxvt -tag_any_white
+autochdir +float +mouse_xterm -tcl
-autoservername +folding +multi_byte +termguicolors
-balloon_eval -footer +multi_lang +terminal
+balloon_eval_term +fork() -mzscheme +terminfo
-browse -gettext +netbeans_intg +termresponse
++builtin_terms -hangul_input +num64 +textobjects
+byte_offset +iconv +packages +textprop
+channel +insert_expand +path_extra +timers
+cindent +ipv6 -perl +title
+clientserver +job +persistent_undo -toolbar
+clipboard +jumplist +popupwin +user_commands
+cmdline_compl +keymap +postscript +vartabs
+cmdline_hist +lambda +printer +vertsplit
+cmdline_info +langmap +profile +virtualedit
+comments +libcall -python +visual
+conceal +linebreak -python3 +visualextra
+cryptv +lispindent +quickfix +viminfo
+cscope +listcmds +reltime +vreplace
+cursorbind +localmap +rightleft +wildignore
+cursorshape -lua -ruby +wildmenu
+dialog_con +menu +scrollbind +windows
+diff +mksession +signs +writebackup
+digraphs +modify_fname +smartindent +X11
-dnd +mouse -sound +xfontset
-ebcdic -mouseshape +spell -xim
+emacs_tags +mouse_dec +startuptime -xpm
+eval -mouse_gpm +statusline +xsmp_interact
+ex_extra -mouse_jsbterm -sun_workshop +xterm_clipboard
+extra_search +mouse_netterm +syntax -xterm_save
system vimrc file: "$VIM/vimrc"
user vimrc file: "$HOME/.vimrc"
2nd user vimrc file: "~/.vim/vimrc"
user exrc file: "$HOME/.exrc"
defaults file: "$VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim"
fall-back for $VIM: "/home/garret/.local/share/vim"
Compilation: gcc -std=gnu99 -c -I. -Iproto -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=1
Linking: gcc -std=gnu99 -L/usr/local/lib -Wl,--as-needed -o vim -lSM -lICE -lXt -lX11 -lXdmcp -lSM -lICE -lm -ltinfo -ldl
[~/build_scripts]$
[~/build_scripts]$
[~/build_scripts]$ ag --version
ag version 2.2.0
Features:
+jit +lzma +zlib
[~/build_scripts]$ rg --version
ripgrep 12.1.1 (rev 7cb211378a)
-SIMD -AVX (compiled)
+SIMD +AVX (runtime)
rg帮助
[~]$ rg --help
ripgrep 12.1.1
Andrew Gallant <jamslam@gmail.com>
ripgrep (rg) recursively searches your current directory for a regex pattern.
By default, ripgrep will respect your .gitignore and automatically skip hidden
files/directories and binary files.
Use -h for short descriptions and --help for more details.
Project home page: https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep
USAGE:
rg [OPTIONS] PATTERN [PATH ...]
rg [OPTIONS] [-e PATTERN ...] [-f PATTERNFILE ...] [PATH ...]
rg [OPTIONS] --files [PATH ...]
rg [OPTIONS] --type-list
command | rg [OPTIONS] PATTERN
ARGS:
<PATTERN>
A regular expression used for searching. To match a pattern beginning with a
dash, use the -e/--regexp flag.
For example, to search for the literal '-foo', you can use this flag:
rg -e -foo
You can also use the special '--' delimiter to indicate that no more flags
will be provided. Namely, the following is equivalent to the above:
rg -- -foo
<PATH>...
A file or directory to search. Directories are searched recursively. File paths
specified on the command line override glob and ignore rules.
OPTIONS:
-A, --after-context <NUM>
Show NUM lines after each match.
This overrides the --context flag.
--auto-hybrid-regex
DEPRECATED. Use --engine instead.
When this flag is used, ripgrep will dynamically choose between supported regex
engines depending on the features used in a pattern. When ripgrep chooses a
regex engine, it applies that choice for every regex provided to ripgrep (e.g.,
via multiple -e/--regexp or -f/--file flags).
As an example of how this flag might behave, ripgrep will attempt to use
its default finite automata based regex engine whenever the pattern can be
successfully compiled with that regex engine. If PCRE2 is enabled and if the
pattern given could not be compiled with the default regex engine, then PCRE2
will be automatically used for searching. If PCRE2 isn't available, then this
flag has no effect because there is only one regex engine to choose from.
In the future, ripgrep may adjust its heuristics for how it decides which
regex engine to use. In general, the heuristics will be limited to a static
analysis of the patterns, and not to any specific runtime behavior observed
while searching files.
The primary downside of using this flag is that it may not always be obvious
which regex engine ripgrep uses, and thus, the match semantics or performance
profile of ripgrep may subtly and unexpectedly change. However, in many cases,
all regex engines will agree on what constitutes a match and it can be nice
to transparently support more advanced regex features like look-around and
backreferences without explicitly needing to enable them.
This flag can be disabled with --no-auto-hybrid-regex.
-B, --before-context <NUM>
Show NUM lines before each match.
This overrides the --context flag.
--binary
Enabling this flag will cause ripgrep to search binary files. By default,
ripgrep attempts to automatically skip binary files in order to improve the
relevance of results and make the search faster.
Binary files are heuristically detected based on whether they contain a NUL
byte or not. By default (without this flag set), once a NUL byte is seen,
ripgrep will stop searching the file. Usually, NUL bytes occur in the beginning
of most binary files. If a NUL byte occurs after a match, then ripgrep will
still stop searching the rest of the file, but a warning will be printed.
In contrast, when this flag is provided, ripgrep will continue searching a file
even if a NUL byte is found. In particular, if a NUL byte is found then ripgrep
will continue searching until either a match is found or the end of the file is
reached, whichever comes sooner. If a match is found, then ripgrep will stop
and print a warning saying that the search stopped prematurely.
If you want ripgrep to search a file without any special NUL byte handling at
all (and potentially print binary data to stdout), then you should use the
'-a/--text' flag.
The '--binary' flag is a flag for controlling ripgrep's automatic filtering
mechanism. As such, it does not need to be used when searching a file
explicitly or when searching stdin. That is, it is only applicable when
recursively searching a directory.
Note that when the '-u/--unrestricted' flag is provided for a third time, then
this flag is automatically enabled.
This flag can be disabled with '--no-binary'. It overrides the '-a/--text'
flag.
--block-buffered
When enabled, ripgrep will use block buffering. That is, whenever a matching
line is found, it will be written to an in-memory buffer and will not be
written to stdout until the buffer reaches a certain size. This is the default
when ripgrep's stdout is redirected to a pipeline or a file. When ripgrep's
stdout is connected to a terminal, line buffering will be used. Forcing block
buffering can be useful when dumping a large amount of contents to a terminal.
Forceful block buffering can be disabled with --no-block-buffered. Note that
using --no-block-buffered causes ripgrep to revert to its default behavior of
automatically detecting the buffering strategy. To force line buffering, use
the --line-buffered flag.
-b, --byte-offset
Print the 0-based byte offset within the input file before each line of output.
If -o (--only-matching) is specified, print the offset of the matching part
itself.
If ripgrep does transcoding, then the byte offset is in terms of the the result
of transcoding and not the original data. This applies similarly to another
transformation on the source, such as decompression or a --pre filter. Note
that when the PCRE2 regex engine is used, then UTF-8 transcoding is done by
default.
-s, --case-sensitive
Search case sensitively.
This overrides the -i/--ignore-case and -S/--smart-case flags.
--color <WHEN>
This flag controls when to use colors. The default setting is 'auto', which
means ripgrep will try to guess when to use colors. For example, if ripgrep is
printing to a terminal, then it will use colors, but if it is redirected to a
file or a pipe, then it will suppress color output. ripgrep will suppress color
output in some other circumstances as well. For example, if the TERM
environment variable is not set or set to 'dumb', then ripgrep will not use
colors.
The possible values for this flag are:
never Colors will never be used.
auto The default. ripgrep tries to be smart.
always Colors will always be used regardless of where output is sent.
ansi Like 'always', but emits ANSI escapes (even in a Windows console).
When the --vimgrep flag is given to ripgrep, then the default value for the
--color flag changes to 'never'.
--colors <COLOR_SPEC>...
This flag specifies color settings for use in the output. This flag may be
provided multiple times. Settings are applied iteratively. Colors are limited
to one of eight choices: red, blue, green, cyan, magenta, yellow, white and
black. Styles are limited to nobold, bold, nointense, intense, nounderline
or underline.
The format of the flag is '{type}:{attribute}:{value}'. '{type}' should be
one of path, line, column or match. '{attribute}' can be fg, bg or style.
'{value}' is either a color (for fg and bg) or a text style. A special format,
'{type}:none', will clear all color settings for '{type}'.
For example, the following command will change the match color to magenta and
the background color for line numbers to yellow:
rg --colors 'match:fg:magenta' --colors 'line:bg:yellow' foo.
Extended colors can be used for '{value}' when the terminal supports ANSI color
sequences. These are specified as either 'x' (256-color) or 'x,x,x' (24-bit
truecolor) where x is a number between 0 and 255 inclusive. x may be given as
a normal decimal number or a hexadecimal number, which is prefixed by `0x`.
For example, the following command will change the match background color to
that represented by the rgb value (0,128,255):
rg --colors 'match:bg:0,128,255'
or, equivalently,
rg --colors 'match:bg:0x0,0x80,0xFF'
Note that the the intense and nointense style flags will have no effect when
used alongside these extended color codes.
--column
Show column numbers (1-based). This only shows the column numbers for the first
match on each line. This does not try to account for Unicode. One byte is equal
to one column. This implies --line-number.
This flag can be disabled with --no-column.
-C, --context <NUM>
Show NUM lines before and after each match. This is equivalent to providing
both the -B/--before-context and -A/--after-context flags with the same value.
This overrides both the -B/--before-context and -A/--after-context flags.
--context-separator <SEPARATOR>
The string used to separate non-contiguous context lines in the output. This
is only used when one of the context flags is used (-A, -B or -C). Escape
sequences like \x7F or \t may be used. The default value is --.
When the context separator is set to an empty string, then a line break
is still inserted. To completely disable context separators, use the
--no-context-separator flag.
-c, --count
This flag suppresses normal output and shows the number of lines that match
the given patterns for each file searched. Each file containing a match has its
path and count printed on each line. Note that this reports the number of lines
that match and not the total number of matches.
If only one file is given to ripgrep, then only the count is printed if there
is a match. The --with-filename flag can be used to force printing the file
path in this case.
This overrides the --count-matches flag. Note that when --count is combined
with --only-matching, then ripgrep behaves as if --count-matches was given.
--count-matches
This flag suppresses normal output and shows the number of individual
matches of the given patterns for each file searched. Each file
containing matches has its path and match count printed on each line.
Note that this reports the total number of individual matches and not
the number of lines that match.
If only one file is given to ripgrep, then only the count is printed if there
is a match. The --with-filename flag can be used to force printing the file
path in this case.
This overrides the --count flag. Note that when --count is combined with
--only-matching, then ripgrep behaves as if --count-matches was given.
--crlf
When enabled, ripgrep will treat CRLF ('\r\n') as a line terminator instead
of just '\n'.
Principally, this permits '$' in regex patterns to match just before CRLF
instead of just before LF. The underlying regex engine may not support this
natively, so ripgrep will translate all instances of '$' to '(?:\r??$)'. This
may produce slightly different than desired match offsets. It is intended as a
work-around until the regex engine supports this natively.
CRLF support can be disabled with --no-crlf.
--debug
Show debug messages. Please use this when filing a bug report.
The --debug flag is generally useful for figuring out why ripgrep skipped
searching a particular file. The debug messages should mention all files
skipped and why they were skipped.
To get even more debug output, use the --trace flag, which implies --debug
along with additional trace data. With --trace, the output could be quite
large and is generally more useful for development.
--dfa-size-limit <NUM+SUFFIX?>
The upper size limit of the regex DFA. The default limit is 10M. This should
only be changed on very large regex inputs where the (slower) fallback regex
engine may otherwise be used if the limit is reached.
The argument accepts the same size suffixes as allowed in with the
--max-filesize flag.
-E, --encoding <ENCODING>
Specify the text encoding that ripgrep will use on all files searched. The
default value is 'auto', which will cause ripgrep to do a best effort automatic
detection of encoding on a per-file basis. Automatic detection in this case
only applies to files that begin with a UTF-8 or UTF-16 byte-order mark (BOM).
No other automatic detection is performed. One can also specify 'none' which
will then completely disable BOM sniffing and always result in searching the
raw bytes, including a BOM if it's present, regardless of its encoding.
Other supported values can be found in the list of labels here:
https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-encoding-get
For more details on encoding and how ripgrep deals with it, see GUIDE.md.
This flag can be disabled with --no-encoding.
--engine <ENGINE>
Specify which regular expression engine to use. When you choose a regex engine,
it applies that choice for every regex provided to ripgrep (e.g., via multiple
-e/--regexp or -f/--file flags).
Accepted values are 'default', 'pcre2', or 'auto'.
The default value is 'default', which is the fastest and should be good for
most use cases. The 'pcre2' engine is generally useful when you want to use
features such as look-around or backreferences. 'auto' will dynamically choose
between supported regex engines depending on the features used in a pattern on
a best effort basis.
Note that the 'pcre2' engine is an optional ripgrep feature. If PCRE2 wasn't
including in your build of ripgrep, then using this flag will result in ripgrep
printing an error message and exiting.
This overrides previous uses of --pcre2 and --auto-hybrid-regex flags.
[default: default]
-f, --file <PATTERNFILE>...
Search for patterns from the given file, with one pattern per line. When this
flag is used multiple times or in combination with the -e/--regexp flag,
then all patterns provided are searched. Empty pattern lines will match all
input lines, and the newline is not counted as part of the pattern.
A line is printed if and only if it matches at least one of the patterns.
--files
Print each file that would be searched without actually performing the search.
This is useful to determine whether a particular file is being searched or not.
-l, --files-with-matches
Only print the paths with at least one match.
This overrides --files-without-match.
--files-without-match
Only print the paths that contain zero matches. This inverts/negates the
--files-with-matches flag.
This overrides --files-with-matches.
-F, --fixed-strings
Treat the pattern as a literal string instead of a regular expression. When
this flag is used, special regular expression meta characters such as .(){}*+
do not need to be escaped.
This flag can be disabled with --no-fixed-strings.
-L, --follow
When this flag is enabled, ripgrep will follow symbolic links while traversing
directories. This is disabled by default. Note that ripgrep will check for
symbolic link loops and report errors if it finds one.
This flag can be disabled with --no-follow.
-g, --glob <GLOB>...
Include or exclude files and directories for searching that match the given
glob. This always overrides any other ignore logic. Multiple glob flags may be
used. Globbing rules match .gitignore globs. Precede a glob with a ! to exclude
it. If multiple globs match a file or directory, the glob given later in the
command line takes precedence.
When this flag is set, every file and directory is applied to it to test for
a match. So for example, if you only want to search in a particular directory
'foo', then *-g foo* is incorrect because 'foo/bar' does not match the glob
'foo'. Instead, you should use *-g 'foo/**'*.
--glob-case-insensitive
Process glob patterns given with the -g/--glob flag case insensitively. This
effectively treats --glob as --iglob.
This flag can be disabled with the --no-glob-case-insensitive flag.
-h, --help
Prints help information. Use --help for more details.
--heading
This flag prints the file path above clusters of matches from each file instead
of printing the file path as a prefix for each matched line. This is the
default mode when printing to a terminal.
This overrides the --no-heading flag.
--hidden
Search hidden files and directories. By default, hidden files and directories
are skipped. Note that if a hidden file or a directory is whitelisted in an
ignore file, then it will be searched even if this flag isn't provided.
This flag can be disabled with --no-hidden.
--iglob <GLOB>...
Include or exclude files and directories for searching that match the given
glob. This always overrides any other ignore logic. Multiple glob flags may be
used. Globbing rules match .gitignore globs. Precede a glob with a ! to exclude
it. Globs are matched case insensitively.
-i, --ignore-case
When this flag is provided, the given patterns will be searched case
insensitively. The case insensitivity rules used by ripgrep conform to
Unicode's "simple" case folding rules.
This flag overrides -s/--case-sensitive and -S/--smart-case.
--ignore-file <PATH>...
Specifies a path to one or more .gitignore format rules files. These patterns
are applied after the patterns found in .gitignore and .ignore are applied
and are matched relative to the current working directory. Multiple additional
ignore files can be specified by using the --ignore-file flag several times.
When specifying multiple ignore files, earlier files have lower precedence
than later files.
If you are looking for a way to include or exclude files and directories
directly on the command line, then used -g instead.
--ignore-file-case-insensitive
Process ignore files (.gitignore, .ignore, etc.) case insensitively. Note that
this comes with a performance penalty and is most useful on case insensitive
file systems (such as Windows).
This flag can be disabled with the --no-ignore-file-case-insensitive flag.
--include-zero
When used with --count or --count-matches, print the number of matches for
each file even if there were zero matches. This is disabled by default but can
be enabled to make ripgrep behave more like grep.
-v, --invert-match
Invert matching. Show lines that do not match the given patterns.
--json
Enable printing results in a JSON Lines format.
When this flag is provided, ripgrep will emit a sequence of messages, each
encoded as a JSON object, where there are five different message types:
**begin** - A message that indicates a file is being searched and contains at
least one match.
**end** - A message the indicates a file is done being searched. This message
also include summary statistics about the search for a particular file.
**match** - A message that indicates a match was found. This includes the text
and offsets of the match.
**context** - A message that indicates a contextual line was found. This
includes the text of the line, along with any match information if the search
was inverted.
**summary** - The final message emitted by ripgrep that contains summary
statistics about the search across all files.
Since file paths or the contents of files are not guaranteed to be valid UTF-8
and JSON itself must be representable by a Unicode encoding, ripgrep will emit
all data elements as objects with one of two keys: 'text' or 'bytes'. 'text' is
a normal JSON string when the data is valid UTF-8 while 'bytes' is the base64
encoded contents of the data.
The JSON Lines format is only supported for showing search results. It cannot
be used with other flags that emit other types of output, such as --files,
--files-with-matches, --files-without-match, --count or --count-matches.
ripgrep will report an error if any of the aforementioned flags are used in
concert with --json.
Other flags that control aspects of the standard output such as
--only-matching, --heading, --replace, --max-columns, etc., have no effect
when --json is set.
A more complete description of the JSON format used can be found here:
https://docs.rs/grep-printer/*/grep_printer/struct.JSON.html
The JSON Lines format can be disabled with --no-json.
--line-buffered
When enabled, ripgrep will use line buffering. That is, whenever a matching
line is found, it will be flushed to stdout immediately. This is the default
when ripgrep's stdout is connected to a terminal, but otherwise, ripgrep will
use block buffering, which is typically faster. This flag forces ripgrep to
use line buffering even if it would otherwise use block buffering. This is
typically useful in shell pipelines, e.g.,
'tail -f something.log | rg foo --line-buffered | rg bar'.
Forceful line buffering can be disabled with --no-line-buffered. Note that
using --no-line-buffered causes ripgrep to revert to its default behavior of
automatically detecting the buffering strategy. To force block buffering, use
the --block-buffered flag.
-n, --line-number
Show line numbers (1-based). This is enabled by default when searching in a
terminal.
-x, --line-regexp
Only show matches surrounded by line boundaries. This is equivalent to putting
^...$ around all of the search patterns. In other words, this only prints lines
where the entire line participates in a match.
This overrides the --word-regexp flag.
-M, --max-columns <NUM>
Don't print lines longer than this limit in bytes. Longer lines are omitted,
and only the number of matches in that line is printed.
When this flag is omitted or is set to 0, then it has no effect.
--max-columns-preview
When the '--max-columns' flag is used, ripgrep will by default completely
replace any line that is too long with a message indicating that a matching
line was removed. When this flag is combined with '--max-columns', a preview
of the line (corresponding to the limit size) is shown instead, where the part
of the line exceeding the limit is not shown.
If the '--max-columns' flag is not set, then this has no effect.
This flag can be disabled with '--no-max-columns-preview'.
-m, --max-count <NUM>
Limit the number of matching lines per file searched to NUM.
--max-depth <NUM>
Limit the depth of directory traversal to NUM levels beyond the paths given. A
value of zero only searches the explicitly given paths themselves.
For example, 'rg --max-depth 0 dir/' is a no-op because dir/ will not be
descended into. 'rg --max-depth 1 dir/' will search only the direct children of
'dir'.
--max-filesize <NUM+SUFFIX?>
Ignore files larger than NUM in size. This does not apply to directories.
The input format accepts suffixes of K, M or G which correspond to kilobytes,
megabytes and gigabytes, respectively. If no suffix is provided the input is
treated as bytes.
Examples: --max-filesize 50K or --max-filesize 80M
--mmap
Search using memory maps when possible. This is enabled by default when ripgrep
thinks it will be faster.
Memory map searching doesn't currently support all options, so if an
incompatible option (e.g., --context) is given with --mmap, then memory maps
will not be used.
Note that ripgrep may abort unexpectedly when --mmap if it searches a file that
is simultaneously truncated.
This flag overrides --no-mmap.
-U, --multiline
Enable matching across multiple lines.
When multiline mode is enabled, ripgrep will lift the restriction that a match
cannot include a line terminator. For example, when multiline mode is not
enabled (the default), then the regex '\p{any}' will match any Unicode
codepoint other than '\n'. Similarly, the regex '\n' is explicitly forbidden,
and if you try to use it, ripgrep will return an error. However, when multiline
mode is enabled, '\p{any}' will match any Unicode codepoint, including '\n',
and regexes like '\n' are permitted.
An important caveat is that multiline mode does not change the match semantics
of '.'. Namely, in most regex matchers, a '.' will by default match any
character other than '\n', and this is true in ripgrep as well. In order to
make '.' match '\n', you must enable the "dot all" flag inside the regex.
For example, both '(?s).' and '(?s:.)' have the same semantics, where '.' will
match any character, including '\n'. Alternatively, the '--multiline-dotall'
flag may be passed to make the "dot all" behavior the default. This flag only
applies when multiline search is enabled.
There is no limit on the number of the lines that a single match can span.
**WARNING**: Because of how the underlying regex engine works, multiline
searches may be slower than normal line-oriented searches, and they may also
use more memory. In particular, when multiline mode is enabled, ripgrep
requires that each file it searches is laid out contiguously in memory
(either by reading it onto the heap or by memory-mapping it). Things that
cannot be memory-mapped (such as stdin) will be consumed until EOF before
searching can begin. In general, ripgrep will only do these things when
necessary. Specifically, if the --multiline flag is provided but the regex
does not contain patterns that would match '\n' characters, then ripgrep
will automatically avoid reading each file into memory before searching it.
Nevertheless, if you only care about matches spanning at most one line, then it
is always better to disable multiline mode.
This flag can be disabled with --no-multiline.
--multiline-dotall
This flag enables "dot all" in your regex pattern, which causes '.' to match
newlines when multiline searching is enabled. This flag has no effect if
multiline searching isn't enabled with the --multiline flag.
Normally, a '.' will match any character except newlines. While this behavior
typically isn't relevant for line-oriented matching (since matches can span at
most one line), this can be useful when searching with the -U/--multiline flag.
By default, the multiline mode runs without this flag.
This flag is generally intended to be used in an alias or your ripgrep config
file if you prefer "dot all" semantics by default. Note that regardless of
whether this flag is used, "dot all" semantics can still be controlled via
inline flags in the regex pattern itself, e.g., '(?s:.)' always enables "dot
all" whereas '(?-s:.)' always disables "dot all".
This flag can be disabled with --no-multiline-dotall.
--no-config
Never read configuration files. When this flag is present, ripgrep will not
respect the RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH environment variable.
If ripgrep ever grows a feature to automatically read configuration files in
pre-defined locations, then this flag will also disable that behavior as well.
-I, --no-filename
Never print the file path with the matched lines. This is the default when
ripgrep is explicitly instructed to search one file or stdin.
This flag overrides --with-filename.
--no-heading
Don't group matches by each file. If --no-heading is provided in addition to
the -H/--with-filename flag, then file paths will be printed as a prefix for
every matched line. This is the default mode when not printing to a terminal.
This overrides the --heading flag.
--no-ignore
Don't respect ignore files (.gitignore, .ignore, etc.). This implies
--no-ignore-dot, --no-ignore-exclude, --no-ignore-global, no-ignore-parent and
--no-ignore-vcs.
This does *not* imply --no-ignore-files, since --ignore-file is specified
explicitly as a command line argument.
This flag can be disabled with the --ignore flag.
--no-ignore-dot
Don't respect .ignore files.
This flag can be disabled with the --ignore-dot flag.
--no-ignore-exclude
Don't respect ignore files that are manually configured for the repository
such as git's '.git/info/exclude'.
This flag can be disabled with the --ignore-exclude flag.
--no-ignore-files
When set, any --ignore-file flags, even ones that come after this flag, are
ignored.
This flag can be disabled with the --ignore-files flag.
--no-ignore-global
Don't respect ignore files that come from "global" sources such as git's
`core.excludesFile` configuration option (which defaults to
`$HOME/.config/git/ignore`).
This flag can be disabled with the --ignore-global flag.
--no-ignore-messages
Suppresses all error messages related to parsing ignore files such as .ignore
or .gitignore.
This flag can be disabled with the --ignore-messages flag.
--no-ignore-parent
Don't respect ignore files (.gitignore, .ignore, etc.) in parent directories.
This flag can be disabled with the --ignore-parent flag.
--no-ignore-vcs
Don't respect version control ignore files (.gitignore, etc.). This implies
--no-ignore-parent for VCS files. Note that .ignore files will continue to be
respected.
This flag can be disabled with the --ignore-vcs flag.
-N, --no-line-number
Suppress line numbers. This is enabled by default when not searching in a
terminal.
--no-messages
Suppress all error messages related to opening and reading files. Error
messages related to the syntax of the pattern given are still shown.
This flag can be disabled with the --messages flag.
--no-mmap
Never use memory maps, even when they might be faster.
This flag overrides --mmap.
--no-pcre2-unicode
DEPRECATED. Use --no-unicode instead.
This flag is now an alias for --no-unicode. And --pcre2-unicode is an alias
for --unicode.
--no-require-git
By default, ripgrep will only respect global gitignore rules, .gitignore rules
and local exclude rules if ripgrep detects that you are searching inside a
git repository. This flag allows you to relax this restriction such that
ripgrep will respect all git related ignore rules regardless of whether you're
searching in a git repository or not.
This flag can be disabled with --require-git.
--no-unicode
By default, ripgrep will enable "Unicode mode" in all of its regexes. This
has a number of consequences:
* '.' will only match valid UTF-8 encoded scalar values.
* Classes like '\w', '\s', '\d' are all Unicode aware and much bigger
than their ASCII only versions.
* Case insensitive matching will use Unicode case folding.
* A large array of classes like '\p{Emoji}' are available.
* Word boundaries ('\b' and '\B') use the Unicode definition of a word
character.
In some cases it can be desirable to turn these things off. The --no-unicode
flag will do exactly that.
For PCRE2 specifically, Unicode mode represents a critical trade off in the
user experience of ripgrep. In particular, unlike the default regex engine,
PCRE2 does not support the ability to search possibly invalid UTF-8 with
Unicode features enabled. Instead, PCRE2 *requires* that everything it searches
when Unicode mode is enabled is valid UTF-8. (Or valid UTF-16/UTF-32, but for
the purposes of ripgrep, we only discuss UTF-8.) This means that if you have
PCRE2's Unicode mode enabled and you attempt to search invalid UTF-8, then
the search for that file will halt and print an error. For this reason, when
PCRE2's Unicode mode is enabled, ripgrep will automatically "fix" invalid
UTF-8 sequences by replacing them with the Unicode replacement codepoint. This
penalty does not occur when using the default regex engine.
If you would rather see the encoding errors surfaced by PCRE2 when Unicode mode
is enabled, then pass the --no-encoding flag to disable all transcoding.
The --no-unicode flag can be disabled with --unicode. Note that
--no-pcre2-unicode and --pcre2-unicode are aliases for --no-unicode and
--unicode, respectively.
-0, --null
Whenever a file path is printed, follow it with a NUL byte. This includes
printing file paths before matches, and when printing a list of matching files
such as with --count, --files-with-matches and --files. This option is useful
for use with xargs.
--null-data
Enabling this option causes ripgrep to use NUL as a line terminator instead of
the default of '\n'.
This is useful when searching large binary files that would otherwise have very
long lines if '\n' were used as the line terminator. In particular, ripgrep
requires that, at a minimum, each line must fit into memory. Using NUL instead
can be a useful stopgap to keep memory requirements low and avoid OOM (out of
memory) conditions.
This is also useful for processing NUL delimited data, such as that emitted
when using ripgrep's -0/--null flag or find's --print0 flag.
Using this flag implies -a/--text.
--one-file-system
When enabled, ripgrep will not cross file system boundaries relative to where
the search started from.
Note that this applies to each path argument given to ripgrep. For example, in
the command 'rg --one-file-system /foo/bar /quux/baz', ripgrep will search both
'/foo/bar' and '/quux/baz' even if they are on different file systems, but will
not cross a file system boundary when traversing each path's directory tree.
This is similar to find's '-xdev' or '-mount' flag.
This flag can be disabled with --no-one-file-system.
-o, --only-matching
Print only the matched (non-empty) parts of a matching line, with each such
part on a separate output line.
--passthru
Print both matching and non-matching lines.
Another way to achieve a similar effect is by modifying your pattern to match
the empty string. For example, if you are searching using 'rg foo' then using
'rg "^|foo"' instead will emit every line in every file searched, but only
occurrences of 'foo' will be highlighted. This flag enables the same behavior
without needing to modify the pattern.
--path-separator <SEPARATOR>
Set the path separator to use when printing file paths. This defaults to your
platform's path separator, which is / on Unix and \ on Windows. This flag is
intended for overriding the default when the environment demands it (e.g.,
cygwin). A path separator is limited to a single byte.
-P, --pcre2
When this flag is present, ripgrep will use the PCRE2 regex engine instead of
its default regex engine.
This is generally useful when you want to use features such as look-around
or backreferences.
Note that PCRE2 is an optional ripgrep feature. If PCRE2 wasn't included in
your build of ripgrep, then using this flag will result in ripgrep printing
an error message and exiting. PCRE2 may also have worse user experience in
some cases, since it has fewer introspection APIs than ripgrep's default regex
engine. For example, if you use a '\n' in a PCRE2 regex without the
'-U/--multiline' flag, then ripgrep will silently fail to match anything
instead of reporting an error immediately (like it does with the default
regex engine).
Related flags: --no-pcre2-unicode
This flag can be disabled with --no-pcre2.
--pcre2-version
When this flag is present, ripgrep will print the version of PCRE2 in use,
along with other information, and then exit. If PCRE2 is not available, then
ripgrep will print an error message and exit with an error code.
--pre <COMMAND>
For each input FILE, search the standard output of COMMAND FILE rather than the
contents of FILE. This option expects the COMMAND program to either be an
absolute path or to be available in your PATH. Either an empty string COMMAND
or the '--no-pre' flag will disable this behavior.
WARNING: When this flag is set, ripgrep will unconditionally spawn a
process for every file that is searched. Therefore, this can incur an
unnecessarily large performance penalty if you don't otherwise need the
flexibility offered by this flag. One possible mitigation to this is to use
the '--pre-glob' flag to limit which files a preprocessor is run with.
A preprocessor is not run when ripgrep is searching stdin.
When searching over sets of files that may require one of several decoders
as preprocessors, COMMAND should be a wrapper program or script which first
classifies FILE based on magic numbers/content or based on the FILE name and
then dispatches to an appropriate preprocessor. Each COMMAND also has its
standard input connected to FILE for convenience.
For example, a shell script for COMMAND might look like:
case "$1" in
*.pdf)
exec pdftotext "$1" -
;;
*)
case $(file "$1") in
*Zstandard*)
exec pzstd -cdq
;;
*)
exec cat
;;
esac
;;
esac
The above script uses `pdftotext` to convert a PDF file to plain text. For
all other files, the script uses the `file` utility to sniff the type of the
file based on its contents. If it is a compressed file in the Zstandard format,
then `pzstd` is used to decompress the contents to stdout.
This overrides the -z/--search-zip flag.
--pre-glob <GLOB>...
This flag works in conjunction with the --pre flag. Namely, when one or more
--pre-glob flags are given, then only files that match the given set of globs
will be handed to the command specified by the --pre flag. Any non-matching
files will be searched without using the preprocessor command.
This flag is useful when searching many files with the --pre flag. Namely,
it permits the ability to avoid process overhead for files that don't need
preprocessing. For example, given the following shell script, 'pre-pdftotext':
#!/bin/sh
pdftotext "$1" -
then it is possible to use '--pre pre-pdftotext --pre-glob '*.pdf'' to make
it so ripgrep only executes the 'pre-pdftotext' command on files with a '.pdf'
extension.
Multiple --pre-glob flags may be used. Globbing rules match .gitignore globs.
Precede a glob with a ! to exclude it.
This flag has no effect if the --pre flag is not used.
-p, --pretty
This is a convenience alias for '--color always --heading --line-number'. This
flag is useful when you still want pretty output even if you're piping ripgrep
to another program or file. For example: 'rg -p foo | less -R'.
-q, --quiet
Do not print anything to stdout. If a match is found in a file, then ripgrep
will stop searching. This is useful when ripgrep is used only for its exit
code (which will be an error if no matches are found).
When --files is used, then ripgrep will stop finding files after finding the
first file that matches all ignore rules.
--regex-size-limit <NUM+SUFFIX?>
The upper size limit of the compiled regex. The default limit is 10M.
The argument accepts the same size suffixes as allowed in the --max-filesize
flag.
-e, --regexp <PATTERN>...
A pattern to search for. This option can be provided multiple times, where
all patterns given are searched. Lines matching at least one of the provided
patterns are printed. This flag can also be used when searching for patterns
that start with a dash.
For example, to search for the literal '-foo', you can use this flag:
rg -e -foo
You can also use the special '--' delimiter to indicate that no more flags
will be provided. Namely, the following is equivalent to the above:
rg -- -foo
-r, --replace <REPLACEMENT_TEXT>
Replace every match with the text given when printing results. Neither this
flag nor any other ripgrep flag will modify your files.
Capture group indices (e.g., $5) and names (e.g., $foo) are supported in the
replacement string. Capture group indices are numbered based on the position of
the opening paranthesis of the group, where the leftmost such group is $1. The
special $0 group corresponds to the entire match.
In shells such as Bash and zsh, you should wrap the pattern in single quotes
instead of double quotes. Otherwise, capture group indices will be replaced by
expanded shell variables which will most likely be empty.
To write a literal '$', use '$$'.
Note that the replacement by default replaces each match, and NOT the entire
line. To replace the entire line, you should match the entire line.
This flag can be used with the -o/--only-matching flag.
-z, --search-zip
Search in compressed files. Currently gzip, bzip2, xz, LZ4, LZMA, Brotli and
Zstd files are supported. This option expects the decompression binaries to be
available in your PATH.
This flag can be disabled with --no-search-zip.
-S, --smart-case
Searches case insensitively if the pattern is all lowercase. Search case
sensitively otherwise.
This overrides the -s/--case-sensitive and -i/--ignore-case flags.
--sort <SORTBY>
This flag enables sorting of results in ascending order. The possible values
for this flag are:
none (Default) Do not sort results. Fastest. Can be multi-threaded.
path Sort by file path. Always single-threaded.
modified Sort by the last modified time on a file. Always single-threaded.
accessed Sort by the last accessed time on a file. Always single-threaded.
created Sort by the creation time on a file. Always single-threaded.
If the chosen (manually or by-default) sorting criteria isn't available on your
system (for example, creation time is not available on ext4 file systems), then
ripgrep will attempt to detect this, print an error and exit without searching.
To sort results in reverse or descending order, use the --sortr flag. Also,
this flag overrides --sortr.
Note that sorting results currently always forces ripgrep to abandon
parallelism and run in a single thread.
--sortr <SORTBY>
This flag enables sorting of results in descending order. The possible values
for this flag are:
none (Default) Do not sort results. Fastest. Can be multi-threaded.
path Sort by file path. Always single-threaded.
modified Sort by the last modified time on a file. Always single-threaded.
accessed Sort by the last accessed time on a file. Always single-threaded.
created Sort by the creation time on a file. Always single-threaded.
If the chosen (manually or by-default) sorting criteria isn't available on your
system (for example, creation time is not available on ext4 file systems), then
ripgrep will attempt to detect this, print an error and exit without searching.
To sort results in ascending order, use the --sort flag. Also, this flag
overrides --sort.
Note that sorting results currently always forces ripgrep to abandon
parallelism and run in a single thread.
--stats
Print aggregate statistics about this ripgrep search. When this flag is
present, ripgrep will print the following stats to stdout at the end of the
search: number of matched lines, number of files with matches, number of files
searched, and the time taken for the entire search to complete.
This set of aggregate statistics may expand over time.
Note that this flag has no effect if --files, --files-with-matches or
--files-without-match is passed.
This flag can be disabled with --no-stats.
-a, --text
Search binary files as if they were text. When this flag is present, ripgrep's
binary file detection is disabled. This means that when a binary file is
searched, its contents may be printed if there is a match. This may cause
escape codes to be printed that alter the behavior of your terminal.
When binary file detection is enabled it is imperfect. In general, it uses
a simple heuristic. If a NUL byte is seen during search, then the file is
considered binary and search stops (unless this flag is present).
Alternatively, if the '--binary' flag is used, then ripgrep will only quit
when it sees a NUL byte after it sees a match (or searches the entire file).
This flag can be disabled with '--no-text'. It overrides the '--binary' flag.
-j, --threads <NUM>
The approximate number of threads to use. A value of 0 (which is the default)
causes ripgrep to choose the thread count using heuristics.
--trim
When set, all ASCII whitespace at the beginning of each line printed will be
trimmed.
This flag can be disabled with --no-trim.
-t, --type <TYPE>...
Only search files matching TYPE. Multiple type flags may be provided. Use the
--type-list flag to list all available types.
This flag supports the special value 'all', which will behave as if --type
was provided for every file type supported by ripgrep (including any custom
file types). The end result is that '--type all' causes ripgrep to search in
"whitelist" mode, where it will only search files it recognizes via its type
definitions.
--type-add <TYPE_SPEC>...
Add a new glob for a particular file type. Only one glob can be added at a
time. Multiple --type-add flags can be provided. Unless --type-clear is used,
globs are added to any existing globs defined inside of ripgrep.
Note that this MUST be passed to every invocation of ripgrep. Type settings are
NOT persisted. See CONFIGURATION FILES for a workaround.
Example:
rg --type-add 'foo:*.foo' -tfoo PATTERN.
--type-add can also be used to include rules from other types with the special
include directive. The include directive permits specifying one or more other
type names (separated by a comma) that have been defined and its rules will
automatically be imported into the type specified. For example, to create a
type called src that matches C++, Python and Markdown files, one can use:
--type-add 'src:include:cpp,py,md'
Additional glob rules can still be added to the src type by using the
--type-add flag again:
--type-add 'src:include:cpp,py,md' --type-add 'src:*.foo'
Note that type names must consist only of Unicode letters or numbers.
Punctuation characters are not allowed.
--type-clear <TYPE>...
Clear the file type globs previously defined for TYPE. This only clears the
default type definitions that are found inside of ripgrep.
Note that this MUST be passed to every invocation of ripgrep. Type settings are
NOT persisted. See CONFIGURATION FILES for a workaround.
--type-list
Show all supported file types and their corresponding globs.
-T, --type-not <TYPE>...
Do not search files matching TYPE. Multiple type-not flags may be provided. Use
the --type-list flag to list all available types.
-u, --unrestricted
Reduce the level of "smart" searching. A single -u won't respect .gitignore
(etc.) files. Two -u flags will additionally search hidden files and
directories. Three -u flags will additionally search binary files.
'rg -uuu' is roughly equivalent to 'grep -r'.
-V, --version
Prints version information
--vimgrep
Show results with every match on its own line, including line numbers and
column numbers. With this option, a line with more than one match will be
printed more than once.
-H, --with-filename
Display the file path for matches. This is the default when more than one
file is searched. If --heading is enabled (the default when printing to a
terminal), the file path will be shown above clusters of matches from each
file; otherwise, the file name will be shown as a prefix for each matched line.
This flag overrides --no-filename.
-w, --word-regexp
Only show matches surrounded by word boundaries. This is roughly equivalent to
putting \b before and after all of the search patterns.
This overrides the --line-regexp flag.man ag
AG(1) AG(1)
NAME
ag - The Silver Searcher. Like ack, but faster.
SYNOPSIS
ag [options] pattern [path ...]
DESCRIPTION
Recursively search for PATTERN in PATH. Like grep or ack, but faster.
OPTIONS
--ackmate
Output results in a format parseable by AckMate https://github.com/protocool/AckMate.
--[no]affinity
Set thread affinity (if platform supports it). Default is true.
-a --all-types
Search all files. This doesn´t include hidden files, and doesn´t respect any ignore files.
-A --after [LINES]
Print lines after match. If not provided, LINES defaults to 2.
RG(1) RG(1)
NAME
rg - recursively search current directory for lines matching a pattern
SYNOPSIS
rg [OPTIONS] PATTERN [PATH...]
rg [OPTIONS] -e PATTERN... [PATH...]
rg [OPTIONS] -f PATTERNFILE... [PATH...]
rg [OPTIONS] --files [PATH...]
rg [OPTIONS] --type-list
command | rg [OPTIONS] PATTERN
rg [OPTIONS] --help
rg [OPTIONS] --version
DESCRIPTION
ripgrep (rg) recursively searches your current directory for a regex pattern. By default, ripgrep will respect your .gitignore and automatically skip hidden files/directories and binary files.
ripgrep’s default regex engine uses finite automata and guarantees linear time searching. Because of this, features like backreferences and arbitrary look-around are not supported. However, if
ripgrep is built with PCRE2, then the --pcre2 flag can be used to enable backreferences and look-around.
ripgrep supports configuration files. Set RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH to a configuration file. The file can specify one shell argument per line. Lines starting with # are ignored. For more details, see
the man page or the README.
ripgrep will automatically detect if stdin exists and search stdin for a regex pattern, e.g. ls | rg foo. In some environments, stdin may exist when it shouldn’t. To turn off stdin detection
explicitly specify the directory to search, e.g. rg foo ./.
Tip: to disable all smart filtering and make ripgrep behave a bit more like classical grep, use rg -uuu.
REGEX SYNTAX
man vim
VIM(1) General Commands Manual VIM(1)
NAME
vim - Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor
SYNOPSIS
vim [options] [file ..]
vim [options] -
vim [options] -t tag
vim [options] -q [errorfile]
ex
view
gvim gview evim eview
rvim rview rgvim rgview
DESCRIPTION
Vim is a text editor that is upwards compatible to Vi. It can be used to edit all kinds of plain text. It is especially useful for editing programs.
配置ripgrep,
在~/.bashrc下添加 `export RIPGREP_CONFIG_PATH=${HOME}/.ripgreprc`
然后配置.ripgreprc如下:
$ cat $HOME/.ripgreprc
# Don't let ripgrep vomit really long lines to my terminal, and show a preview.
--max-columns=150
--max-columns-preview
# Add my 'web' type.
--type-add
web:*.{html,css,js}*
# Using glob patterns to include/exclude files or folders
--glob=!git/*
# or
--glob
!git/*
# Set the colors.
--colors=line:none
--colors=line:style:bold
# Because who cares about case!?
--smart-case在source ${HOME}/.ripgreprc
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