今天在前面一节的基础之上,再增加一点新内容,默认情况下Spring Security不会对登录错误的尝试次数做限制,也就是说允许暴力尝试,这显然不够安全,下面的内容将带着大家一起学习如何限制登录尝试次数。
首先对之前创建的数据库表做点小调整
一、表结构调整
T_USERS增加了如下3个字段:
D_ACCOUNTNONEXPIRED,NUMBER(1) -- 表示帐号是否未过期
D_ACCOUNTNONLOCKED,NUMBER(1), -- 表示帐号是否未锁定
D_CREDENTIALSNONEXPIRED,NUMBER(1) --表示登录凭据是否未过期
要实现登录次数的限制,其实起作用的字段是D_ACCOUNTNONLOCKED,值为1时,表示正常,为0时表示被锁定,另外二个字段的作用以后的学习内容会详细解释。
新增一张表T_USER_ATTEMPTS,用来辅助记录每个用户登录错误时的尝试次数
D_ID 是流水号
D_USERNAME 用户名,外建引用T_USERS中的D_USERNAME
D_ATTEMPTS 登录次数
D_LASTMODIFIED 最后登录错误的日期
二、创建Model/DAO/DAOImpl
要对新加的T_USER_ATTEMPTS读写数据,得有一些操作DB的类,这里我们采用Spring的JDBCTemplate来处理,包结构参考下图:
T_USER_ATTEMPTS表对应的Model如下
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.model;
import java.util.Date;
public class UserAttempts {
private int id;
private String username;
private int attempts;
private Date lastModified;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public int getAttempts() {
return attempts;
}
public void setAttempts(int attempts) {
this.attempts = attempts;
}
public Date getLastModified() {
return lastModified;
}
public void setLastModified(Date lastModified) {
this.lastModified = lastModified;
}
}
UserAttempts
对应的DAO接口
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dao;
import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.model.UserAttempts;
public interface UserDetailsDao {
void updateFailAttempts(String username);
void resetFailAttempts(String username);
UserAttempts getUserAttempts(String username);
}
UserDetailsDao
以及DAO接口的实现
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dao.impl;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.dao.EmptyResultDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.LockedException;
import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dao.UserDetailsDao;
import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.model.UserAttempts;
@Repository
public class UserDetailsDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements
UserDetailsDao {
private static final String SQL_USERS_UPDATE_LOCKED = "UPDATE t_users SET d_accountnonlocked = ? WHERE d_username = ?";
private static final String SQL_USERS_COUNT = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t_users WHERE d_username = ?";
private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_GET = "SELECT d_id id,d_username username,d_attempts attempts,d_lastmodified lastmodified FROM t_user_attempts WHERE d_username = ?";
private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_INSERT = "INSERT INTO t_user_attempts (d_id,d_username, d_attempts, d_lastmodified) VALUES(t_user_attempts_seq.nextval,?,?,?)";
private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_UPDATE_ATTEMPTS = "UPDATE t_user_attempts SET d_attempts = d_attempts + 1, d_lastmodified = ? WHERE d_username = ?";
private static final String SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_RESET_ATTEMPTS = "UPDATE t_user_attempts SET d_attempts = 0, d_lastmodified = null WHERE d_username = ?";
private static final int MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3;
@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;
@PostConstruct
private void initialize() {
setDataSource(dataSource);
}
@Override
public void updateFailAttempts(String username) {
UserAttempts user = getUserAttempts(username);
if (user == null) {
if (isUserExists(username)) {
// if no record, insert a new
getJdbcTemplate().update(SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_INSERT,
new Object[] { username, 1, new Date() });
}
} else {
if (isUserExists(username)) {
// update attempts count, +1
getJdbcTemplate().update(SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_UPDATE_ATTEMPTS,
new Object[] { new Date(), username });
}
if (user.getAttempts() + 1 >= MAX_ATTEMPTS) {
// locked user
getJdbcTemplate().update(SQL_USERS_UPDATE_LOCKED,
new Object[] { false, username });
// throw exception
throw new LockedException("User Account is locked!");
}
}
}
@Override
public void resetFailAttempts(String username) {
getJdbcTemplate().update(SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_RESET_ATTEMPTS,
new Object[] { username });
}
@Override
public UserAttempts getUserAttempts(String username) {
try {
UserAttempts userAttempts = getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(
SQL_USER_ATTEMPTS_GET, new Object[] { username },
new RowMapper<UserAttempts>() {
public UserAttempts mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum)
throws SQLException {
UserAttempts user = new UserAttempts();
user.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
user.setUsername(rs.getString("username"));
user.setAttempts(rs.getInt("attempts"));
user.setLastModified(rs.getDate("lastModified"));
return user;
}
});
return userAttempts;
} catch (EmptyResultDataAccessException e) {
return null;
}
}
private boolean isUserExists(String username) {
boolean result = false;
int count = getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(SQL_USERS_COUNT,
new Object[] { username }, Integer.class);
if (count > 0) {
result = true;
}
return result;
}
}
UserDetailsDaoImpl
观察代码可以发现,对登录尝试次数的限制处理主要就在上面这个类中,登录尝试次数达到阈值3时,通过抛出异常LockedException来通知上层代码。
三、创建CustomUserDetailsService、LimitLoginAuthenticationProvider
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.service;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.AuthorityUtils;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service("userDetailsService")
public class CustomUserDetailsService extends JdbcDaoImpl {
@Override
public void setUsersByUsernameQuery(String usersByUsernameQueryString) {
super.setUsersByUsernameQuery(usersByUsernameQueryString);
}
@Override
public void setAuthoritiesByUsernameQuery(String queryString) {
super.setAuthoritiesByUsernameQuery(queryString);
}
// override to pass get accountNonLocked
@Override
public List<UserDetails> loadUsersByUsername(String username) {
return getJdbcTemplate().query(super.getUsersByUsernameQuery(),
new String[] { username }, new RowMapper<UserDetails>() {
public UserDetails mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum)
throws SQLException {
String username = rs.getString("username");
String password = rs.getString("password");
boolean enabled = rs.getBoolean("enabled");
boolean accountNonExpired = rs
.getBoolean("accountNonExpired");
boolean credentialsNonExpired = rs
.getBoolean("credentialsNonExpired");
boolean accountNonLocked = rs
.getBoolean("accountNonLocked");
return new User(username, password, enabled,
accountNonExpired, credentialsNonExpired,
accountNonLocked, AuthorityUtils.NO_AUTHORITIES);
}
});
}
// override to pass accountNonLocked
@Override
public UserDetails createUserDetails(String username,
UserDetails userFromUserQuery,
List<GrantedAuthority> combinedAuthorities) {
String returnUsername = userFromUserQuery.getUsername();
if (super.isUsernameBasedPrimaryKey()) {
returnUsername = username;
}
return new User(returnUsername, userFromUserQuery.getPassword(),
userFromUserQuery.isEnabled(),
userFromUserQuery.isAccountNonExpired(),
userFromUserQuery.isCredentialsNonExpired(),
userFromUserQuery.isAccountNonLocked(), combinedAuthorities);
}
}
CustomUserDetailsService
为什么需要这个类?因为下面这个类需要它:
package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.provider;
import java.util.Date;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.BadCredentialsException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.LockedException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dao.UserDetailsDao;
import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.model.UserAttempts;
@Component("authenticationProvider")
public class LimitLoginAuthenticationProvider extends DaoAuthenticationProvider {
UserDetailsDao userDetailsDao;
@Override
public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication)
throws AuthenticationException {
try {
Authentication auth = super.authenticate(authentication);
// if reach here, means login success, else exception will be thrown
// reset the user_attempts
userDetailsDao.resetFailAttempts(authentication.getName());
return auth;
} catch (BadCredentialsException e) {
userDetailsDao.updateFailAttempts(authentication.getName());
throw e;
} catch (LockedException e) {
String error = "";
UserAttempts userAttempts = userDetailsDao
.getUserAttempts(authentication.getName());
if (userAttempts != null) {
Date lastAttempts = userAttempts.getLastModified();
error = "User account is locked! <br><br>Username : "
+ authentication.getName() + "<br>Last Attempts : "
+ lastAttempts;
} else {
error = e.getMessage();
}
throw new LockedException(error);
}
}
public UserDetailsDao getUserDetailsDao() {
return userDetailsDao;
}
public void setUserDetailsDao(UserDetailsDao userDetailsDao) {
this.userDetailsDao = userDetailsDao;
}
}
LimitLoginAuthenticationProvider
这个类继承自 org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider, 而DaoAuthenticationProvider里需要一个UserDetailsService的实例,即我们刚才创建的 CustomUserDetailService
LimitLoginAuthenticationProvider这个类如何使用呢?该配置文件出场了
四、spring-security.xml
<beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security" xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.2.xsd"> <http auto-config="true" use-expressions="true"> <intercept-url pattern="/admin**" access="hasRole('ADMIN')" /> <!-- access denied page --> <access-denied-handler error-page="/403" /> <form-login login-page="/login" default-target-url="/welcome" authentication-failure-url="/login?error" username-parameter="username" password-parameter="password" /> <logout logout-success-url="/login?logout" /> <csrf /> </http> <beans:bean id="userDetailsDao" class="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dao.impl.UserDetailsDaoImpl"> <beans:property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </beans:bean> <beans:bean id="customUserDetailsService" class="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.service.CustomUserDetailsService"> <beans:property name="usersByUsernameQuery" value="SELECT d_username username,d_password password, d_enabled enabled,d_accountnonexpired accountnonexpired,d_accountnonlocked accountnonlocked,d_credentialsnonexpired credentialsnonexpired FROM t_users WHERE d_username=?" /> <beans:property name="authoritiesByUsernameQuery" value="SELECT d_username username, d_role role FROM t_user_roles WHERE d_username=?" /> <beans:property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </beans:bean> <beans:bean id="authenticationProvider" class="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.provider.LimitLoginAuthenticationProvider"> <beans:property name="passwordEncoder" ref="encoder" /> <beans:property name="userDetailsService" ref="customUserDetailsService" /> <beans:property name="userDetailsDao" ref="userDetailsDao" /> </beans:bean> <beans:bean id="encoder" class="org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder"> <beans:constructor-arg name="strength" value="9" /> </beans:bean> <authentication-manager> <authentication-provider ref="authenticationProvider" /> </authentication-manager> </beans:beans>
跟之前的变化有点大,47行是核心,为了实现47行的注入,需要33-38行,而为了完成authenticationProvider所需的一些property的注入,又需要其它bean的注入,所以看上去增加的内容就有点多了,但并不难理解。
五、运行效果
连续3次输错密码后,将看到下面的提示
这时如果查下数据库,会看到
错误尝试次数,在db中已经达到阀值3
而且该用户的“是否未锁定”字段值为0,如果要手动解锁,把该值恢复为1,并将T_USER_ATTEMPTS中的尝试次数,改到3以下即可。
源代码下载:SpringSecurity-Limit-Login-Attempts-XML.zip
参考文章: Spring Security : limit login attempts example