微服务总结篇（四）

Ribbon是什么？
Ribbon基于Netflix Ribbon实现的一套 客户端 负载均衡的工具。
简单的说，Ribbon是Netflix发布的开源项目，主要功能是提供客户端的软件负载均衡算法，将Netflix的中间层服务连接在一起。Ribbon客户端组件提供一系列完善的配置项如连接超时，重试等。简单的说，就是在配置文件中列出Load Balancer（简称LB）后面所有的机器，Ribbon会自动的帮助你基于某种规则（如简单轮询，随机连接等）去连接这些机器。我们也很容易使用Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。

怎么用
首先引入pom相关依赖

  <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
  </dependency>
     <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
  </dependency>
    <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
  </dependency>

修改application.yml 追加eureka的服务注册地址

server: 
  port: 80
eureka:
  client:
      register-with-eureka: false
      service-url:
            defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/

对ConfigBean进行新注解@LoadBalanced 获得Rest时加入Ribbon的配置

@Configuration
public class ConfigBean
{
 @Bean
 @LoadBalanced
 public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
	 return new RestTemplate();
   }
}

主启动类DeptConsumer80_App添加@EnableEurekaClient

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class DeptConsumer80_App
{
 public static void main(String[] args){
    SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_App.class, args);
   }
}

修改客户端访问类

@RestController
public class DeptController_Consumer{
 //private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
 private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://MICROSERVICECLOUD-DEPT";
 @Autowired
 private RestTemplate restTemplate;
 @RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/add")
 public boolean add(Dept dept){
 return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add", dept, Boolean.class);
   }

先启动3个eureka集群后，再启动micro service provider并注册进eureka

Ribbon核心组件IRule

• RoundRobinRule 轮询
• RandomRule 随机
• AvailabilityFilteringRule
• WeightedResponseTimeRule
• RetryRule
• BestAvailableRule
  如何切换Ribbon负载均衡策略？

向Spring容器中添加一个IRule

@Configuration
public class MySelfRule
{
 @Bean
 public IRule myRule(){
   return new RandomRule();//Ribbon默认是轮询，现在自定义为随机
  }
}

如何自定义IRule

在主启动类所在包以级子包外定义一个IRule

package com.atguigu.myrule;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import com.netflix.client.config.IClientConfig;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.AbstractLoadBalancerRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.ILoadBalancer;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.Server;
public class RandomRule_ZY extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule {
private int total = 0;    //总共被调用的次数，目前要求每台被调用5次
private int currentIndex = 0;//当前提供服务的机器号
public Server choose(ILoadBalancer lb, Object key) {
if (lb == null) {
     return null;
  }
Server server = null;
while (server == null) {
 if (Thread.interrupted()) {
  return null;
  }
   List upList = lb.getReachableServers();
   List allList = lb.getAllServers();
int serverCount = allList.size();
if (serverCount == 0) {
/*
 * No servers. End regardless of pass, because subsequent passes
 * only get more restrictive.
 */
return null;
}
//            int index = rand.nextInt(serverCount);
//            server = upList.get(index);
if(total < 5 ){
            server = upList.get(currentIndex);
            total++;
            }else {
            total = 0;
            currentIndex++;
if(currentIndex >= upList.size()){
              currentIndex = 0;
            }
        }
if (server == null) {
/*
* The only time this should happen is if the server list were
 * somehow trimmed. This is a transient condition. Retry after
* yielding.
*/
 hread.yield();
 continue;
            }
if (server.isAlive()) {
return (server);
            }
// Shouldn't actually happen.. but must be transient or a bug.
server = null;
            Thread.yield();
        }
return server;
    }
    
@Override
public Server choose(Object key) {
  return choose(getLoadBalancer(), key);
  }
@Override
public void initWithNiwsConfig(IClientConfig clientConfig) {
  }
}

使用新的IRule

@Configuration
public class MySelfRule
{
 @Bean
 public IRule myRule(){
   return new RandomRule_ZY();//使用自定义Rule
  }
}

然后修改启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@RibbonClient(name="MICROSERVICECLOUD-DEPT",configuration=MySelfRule.class)
public class DeptConsumer80_App{
 public static void main(String[] args){
   SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_App.class, args);
  }
}