安卓相机预览画面切换到后台，再切换前台预览画面卡住问题

前言：相机应用预览界面切换到后台后，通常会释放相机资源，这样其他应用能够及时打开摄像头。我的做法是在Acitivity生命周期的onStart()时打开摄像头，在onStop()释放摄像头资源。这样做存在一个小问题，预览界面切换后台再切前台，此时预览画面卡住。

原因：onStop()时，SurfaceView或TextureView没有销毁，所以重新打开摄像头时，view的生命周期不会重新执行，也就无法刷新。

解决方法：SurfaceView或TextureView通过new实例化，而不是在布局中定义。并且在onStart() 通过addview方式把view加到布局中，在onStop()时通过removeView()方式移除view。

具体实现，布局定义layout/activity_main.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/preview_parent"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">
    <!-- add or remove textureview on activity-->
    </LinearLayout>

    <!-- others view -->

</RelativeLayout>

 Activity中

private TextureView textureView;
private LinearLayout textureViewParent;
private Camera camera;

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    textureViewParent = findViewById(R.id.preview_parent);
    textureView = new TextureView(this);
    LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = new             
    LinearLayout.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, 
    ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
    textureView.setLayoutParams(lp);
}

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        textureViewParent.addView(textureView);
        openCamera(textureView, 0);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        textureViewParent.removeView(textureView);
        if (camera != null) {
            camera.stopPreview();
            camera.setPreviewCallback(null);
            camera.release();
        }
    }

	private void openCamera(final TextureView textureView, final int cameraId) {
        if (textureView == null || cameraId < 0) {
            return;
        }
		textureView.setSurfaceTextureListener(new TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener() {
            @Override
            public void onSurfaceTextureAvailable(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture, int width, int height) {
                try {
                    camera = Camera.open(cameraId);
                    camera.setPreviewTexture(surfaceTexture);
                    camera.startPreview();
                } catch (IOException localIOException) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "onSurfaceTextureAvailable open camera localIOException cameraId=" + cameraId + ", error=" + localIOException.getMessage(), localIOException);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "onSurfaceTextureAvailable open camera cameraId=" + cameraId + ", error=" + e.getMessage(), e);
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void onSurfaceTextureSizeChanged(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture, int i, int i1) {
            }

            @Override
            public boolean onSurfaceTextureDestroyed(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public void onSurfaceTextureUpdated(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {
            }


        });
	}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2021.4.14 方法二：参照谷歌的做法，不需要每次都添加和移除textureview。

具体实现，布局定义layout/activity_main2.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TextureView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/textureView"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

 MainActivity2中

// package ...


import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.SurfaceTexture;
import android.hardware.Camera;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Surface;
import android.view.TextureView;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import com.zzh.camera2.R;
import java.io.IOException;

public class MainActivity2 extends AppCompatActivity {
    private final static String TAG = MainActivity2.class.getSimpleName();
    private TextureView textureView;
    private Camera camera;
    private final int cameraId = 0;

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);
        textureView = findViewById(R.id.textureView);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        if (textureView.isAvailable())
            openCamera(textureView.getSurfaceTexture(), cameraId);
        else
            textureView.setSurfaceTextureListener(surfaceTextureListener);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        if (camera != null) {
            camera.stopPreview();
            camera.setPreviewCallback(null);
            camera.release();
        }
    }

    private void openCamera(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture, final int cameraId) {
        try {
            camera = Camera.open(cameraId);
            assert camera != null;
            camera.setDisplayOrientation(getCameraDisplayOrientation(this, cameraId));
            camera.setPreviewTexture(surfaceTexture);
            camera.startPreview();
        } catch (IOException localIOException) {
            Log.e(TAG, "onSurfaceTextureAvailable open camera localIOException cameraId=" + cameraId + ", error=" + localIOException.getMessage(), localIOException);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "onSurfaceTextureAvailable open camera cameraId=" + cameraId + ", error=" + e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

    private final TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener surfaceTextureListener = new TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener() {
        @Override
        public void onSurfaceTextureAvailable(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture, int width, int height) {
            openCamera(surfaceTexture, cameraId);
        }

        @Override
        public void onSurfaceTextureSizeChanged(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture, int i, int i1) {
        }

        @Override
        public boolean onSurfaceTextureDestroyed(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public void onSurfaceTextureUpdated(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {
        }
    };

    // add by zzh
    public static int getCameraDisplayOrientation(Activity activity, int cameraId) {
        if (activity == null) {
            Log.e(TAG, "setCameraDisplayOrientation failed activity is null");
            return 0;
        }
        android.hardware.Camera.CameraInfo info = new android.hardware.Camera.CameraInfo();
        android.hardware.Camera.getCameraInfo(cameraId, info);
        int rotation = activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation();
        int degrees = 0;
        switch (rotation) {
            case Surface.ROTATION_0:
                degrees = 0;
                break;
            case Surface.ROTATION_90:
                degrees = 90;
                break;
            case Surface.ROTATION_180:
                degrees = 180;
                break;
            case Surface.ROTATION_270:
                degrees = 270;
                break;
        }

        int result;
        if (info.facing == Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) {
            result = (info.orientation + degrees) % 360;
            result = (360 - result) % 360;  // compensate the mirror
        } else {  // back-facing
            result = (info.orientation - degrees + 360) % 360;
        }
        Log.i(TAG, "setCameraDisplayOrientation result=" + result);
        return result;
    }
}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2021.08.31补充

经自己验证，在某些平台上，相机打开后(使用camera api2 同时打开两个摄像头)，按Home键退出，再打开应用，此时会出现相机打开错误，于是改成第一种方式，则不会出现此问题。所以说如果使用第二种方式会出现打开相机错误，则第一种方法可能解决问题。