目录
一 环境部署
1.1 集群类型
- 一台多从： 用于测试环境
- 多住多从： 安全性高用于生产环境 多master 多node
说明： 为了测试的简单，本次搭建的是 一主两从 类型集群
1.2 安装方式
kubernets有多种部署方式，目前主流的方式kubeadm、minikube 、二进制包
- minikube：一个用于快速搭建单节点klubernetes的工具
- kubeadm： 用于快速搭建kubernets集群的工具
- 二进制包：官网下载每个组件的二进制包，依次去安装，能够理解kubernets组件
1.3 主机规划
| master | 192.168.1.105 |
| server1 | 192.168.1.106 |
| server2 | 192.168.1.107 |
1.4 检查环境
1.检查centos版本 要大于7.5 [root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core) 2.主机名解析 [root@master ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.1.105 master 192.168.1.106 server1 192.168.1.107 server2 3.时间同步 [root@master ~]# ntpdate -u cn.pool.ntp.org 8 Feb 20:53:34 ntpdate[18932]: adjust time server 139.199.215.251 offset -0.002730 sec 4.禁用防火墙和ipstable selinux 5.禁用swap分区 [root@master ~]# vim /etc/fstab 注释掉含有swap的行 //永久禁用 [root@server1 ~]# mount -a 6.修改linux的内核参数 [root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf 添加如下： net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip4tables = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 [root@master ~]# sysctl -p #重新加载配置 [root@master ~]# modprobe br_netfilter #加载网桥过滤 [root@master ~]# lsmod | grep br_netfilter br_netfilter 22256 0 bridge 151336 1 br_netfilter ## 查看现在已经加载的模块 7.配置ipvs功能 7.1 安装ipset 和ipvsadm [root@master ~]# yum -y install ipset ipvsadm ##添加如下内容： #!/bin/bash modprobe -- ip_vs modprobe -- ip_vs_rr modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr modprobe -- ip_vs_sh modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4 7.2 为脚本文件添加执行权限 运行 [root@master ~]# chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules [root@master ~]# /bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules 7.3 查看你模块是否加载成功 [root@master ~]# lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4 ip_vs_sh 12688 0 ip_vs_wrr 12697 0 ip_vs_rr 12600 0 ip_vs 145458 6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr nf_conntrack_ipv4 15053 2 8.所有服务器都需要完成上述操作，完成后重启
二 集群搭建
2.1 安装docker
# step 1: 安装必要的一些系统工具 sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 # Step 2: 添加软件源信息 sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo # Step 3 sudo sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo # Step 4: 更新并安装Docker-CE sudo yum makecache fast sudo yum -y install docker-ce # Step 4: 开启Docker服务 sudo service docker start # 注意： # 官方软件源默认启用了最新的软件，您可以通过编辑软件源的方式获取各个版本的软件包。例如官方并没有将测试版本的软件源置为可用，您可以通过以下方式开启。同理可以开启各种测试版本等。 # vim /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo # 将[docker-ce-test]下方的enabled=0修改为enabled=1 # # 安装指定版本的Docker-CE: # Step 1: 查找Docker-CE的版本: # yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r # Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile # Loaded plugins: branch, fastestmirror, langpacks # docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable # docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos @docker-ce-stable # docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable # Available Packages # Step2: 安装指定版本的Docker-CE: (VERSION例如上面的17.03.0.ce.1-1.el7.centos) # sudo yum -y install docker-ce-[VERSION]
2.添加配置文件 #docker 默认情况下使用的cgroupfs ，而kubernetes推荐使用systemd [root@master ~]# cat <<EOF>> /etc/docker/daemon.json > { > "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], > "registry-mirrors": ["https://620kdbvq.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] > } > EOF 3.重启docker与验证 [root@master ~]# docker info -f {{.CgroupDriver}} [root@master ~]# systemctl restart docker [root@master ~]# docker --version Docker version 23.0.0, build e92dd87
2.2 kubernetes安装
#由于kubernets的镜像在国外 速度比较慢，切换成国内的镜像源 1.添加镜像源 [root@server1 ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo > [kubernetes] > name=Kubernetes > baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/ > enabled=1 > gpgcheck=1 > repo_gpgcheck=1 > gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg > EOF [root@master ~]# yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl [root@master ~]# systemctl enable kubelet ##集群会自动启动它 ps: 由于官网未开放同步方式, 可能会有索引gpg检查失败的情况, 这时请用 yum install -y --nogpgcheck kubelet kubeadm kubectl 安装2.配置kubelet的cgroup [root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd" KUBE_PROXY_MODE="ipvs"
2.3 准备集群镜像
##安装集群前，必须准备好镜像 1.准备镜像 [root@master ~]# kubeadm config images list ##查看所需要的镜像 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.23.6 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.23.6 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.23.6 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.23.6 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.6 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.5.1-0 k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.6 2.编写脚本怕批量导入镜像 [root@master ~]# cat 2.sh #!/bin/bash images=( kube-apiserver:v1.23.16 kube-controller-manager:v1.23.16 kube-scheduler:v1.23.16 kube-proxy:v1.23.16 pause:3.6 etcd:3.5.1-0 coredns:v1.8.6 ) for imagesName in ${images[@]} ; do docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imagesName docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imagesName k8s.gcr.io/$imagesName docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imagesName done
2.4 集群初始化
#集群初始化操作只需要在master节点执行即可 [root@master ~]# echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables ##此操作每台都需要 [root@master ~]# vim /etc/containerd/config.toml ##将disbale_[lugins = ["cri"]注释掉 [root@master ~]# echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables 遇到一个很难解决的问题 kubenet版本要小于1.24 否则会一直报错 1.初始化集群 [root@master ~]# cat 1.sh #!/bin/bash kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.23.6 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.1.105 出现Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully! 即代表成功 2.查看初始化集群输出信息 ##要开始使用集群，您需要以普通用户身份运行以下命令： mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config 或者，如果您是root用户，则可以运行： export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf 现在应该将pod网络部署到集群。 Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/ 然后，您可以通过以root身份在每个工作节点上运行以下命令来加入任意数量的工作节点： kubeadm join 192.168.1.105:6443 --token kq0v21.y3jmc63lrk1yys0z \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:847af937d79791a70de9cecd8ed080444bbb630474c2d4faafbe87ba6a59f080
三 添加节点
1.输入指令 [root@server1 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.1.105:6443 --token kq0v21.y3jmc63lrk1yys0z --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:847af937d79791a70de9cecd8ed080444bbb630474c2d4faafbe87ba6a59f080 2.主节点查看节点主机 [root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master NotReady control-plane,master 23m v1.23.6 server1 NotReady <none> 4m42s v1.23.6 server2 NotReady <none> 4m43s v1.23.6 ##节点状态都是notready是因为没有网络
3.1 安装网络插件
- kubernets支持多种网络插件，比如fannel calico等等
- 下列操作只需要在master节点执行即可
[root@master ~]# cat kube-flannel.yml --- kind: Namespace apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: kube-flannel labels: pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged --- kind: ClusterRole apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: flannel rules: - apiGroups: - "" resources: - pods verbs: - get - apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes verbs: - get - list - watch - apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes/status verbs: - patch - apiGroups: - "networking.k8s.io" resources: - clustercidrs verbs: - list - watch --- kind: ClusterRoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: flannel roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: flannel subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: flannel namespace: kube-flannel --- apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: flannel namespace: kube-flannel --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: kube-flannel-cfg namespace: kube-flannel labels: tier: node app: flannel data: cni-conf.json: | { "name": "cbr0", "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "plugins": [ { "type": "flannel", "delegate": { "hairpinMode": true, "isDefaultGateway": true } }, { "type": "portmap", "capabilities": { "portMappings": true } } ] } net-conf.json: | { "Network": "10.244.0.0/16", "Backend": { "Type": "vxlan" } } --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: kube-flannel-ds namespace: kube-flannel labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: selector: matchLabels: app: flannel template: metadata: labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: affinity: nodeAffinity: requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: kubernetes.io/os operator: In values: - linux hostNetwork: true priorityClassName: system-node-critical tolerations: - operator: Exists effect: NoSchedule serviceAccountName: flannel initContainers: - name: install-cni-plugin image: docker.io/flannel/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.2 #image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.2 command: - cp args: - -f - /flannel - /opt/cni/bin/flannel volumeMounts: - name: cni-plugin mountPath: /opt/cni/bin - name: install-cni image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.20.2 #image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.2 command: - cp args: - -f - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist volumeMounts: - name: cni mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ containers: - name: kube-flannel image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.20.2 #image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.2 command: - /opt/bin/flanneld args: - --ip-masq - --kube-subnet-mgr resources: requests: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" securityContext: privileged: false capabilities: add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"] env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH value: "5000" volumeMounts: - name: run mountPath: /run/flannel - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ - name: xtables-lock mountPath: /run/xtables.lock volumes: - name: run hostPath: path: /run/flannel - name: cni-plugin hostPath: path: /opt/cni/bin - name: cni hostPath: path: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg configMap: name: kube-flannel-cfg - name: xtables-lock hostPath: path: /run/xtables.lock type: FileOrCreate此文件较长 可以全盘复制
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml ##耐心等待 则看到所有节点都是ready [root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master Ready control-plane,master 64m v1.23.6 server1 Ready <none> 45m v1.23.6 server2 Ready <none> 45m v1.23.6
四 测试集群
1.创建nginx pod [root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx deployment.apps/nginx created 2.暴露端口 [root@master ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort service/nginx exposed 3.查看服务状态 [root@master ~]# kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod/nginx-85b98978db-ndcpk 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 106s ##发现pod并没有启动 需要将此文件发送给每一个节点 [root@master flannel]# scp /run/flannel/* root@server1:/run/flannel/ subnet.env 100% 96 210.1KB/s 00:00 [root@master flannel]# kubectl get pods ##显示正常 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-85b98978db-zg9s6 1/1 Running 0 3m51s [root@master ~]# kubectl get svc NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 69m service/nginx NodePort 10.105.1.184 <none> 80:30744/TCP 24s
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